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The Red Shoes (1948)

This technicolour wonderland is one of the best (if not the best!) film in the history of British cinema. Directed by Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger, It’s become known as a masterpiece and is constantly an inspiration for many artists alike and with good reason. Following Victoria Page (Moira Shearer), a ballerina who joins a troupe as the lead in the new ballet The Red Shoes. She begins to find a conflict between her professional relationship with the insufferable genius, Boris Lermontov (Anton Walbrook) and a personal romantic relationship with the troupe’s composer, Julian Craster (Marius Goring). Soon enough, the ballet of The Red Shoes begins to seep into Victoria’s reality and she is eventually broken down by the idealisations that are expected of her. This is a film that breaks the boundaries of the filmmaking experience. It’s very premise of the ballet within the reality of the film soon becomes blurred and the tone of the film changes from a basic aspirational drama to a psychological thriller. Inspired by the Hans Christian Anderson fairytale but given an original makeover by The Archers (as Powell and Pressburger were collectively known), this film delves into the dark side that fairytales ventured into which is a contrast to the Disney films that were dominating the global market. Even 70 years on, the topics in the film feel just as relevant today.

The Archers’ brilliant direction and script effectively contrast the freedom of dance with the claustrophobia and obsession with perfection. Nothing sums this film up more perfectly than Vicky and Boris’ first exchange:

Lermontov: Why do you want to dance?

Vicky: Why do you want to live?

Lermontov: Well, I don’t know exactly why, er, but I must.

Vicky: That’s my answer too.

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Dancing gives Vicky the freedom that she craves but unbeknownst to her in the beginning that the freedom she “gains” from dancing for Lermontov is merely his vision. He is the puppet master pulling the strings. As Vicky grows closer to Julian and begins to finesse her own skills, she begins to resist and she finds herself no longer wanting to dance but unable to rid herself of the red shoes. The ballet sequence in which we see Vicky encapsulate her character and venture into the nightmare world of the dance is horrific. Her own emotions have merged with the character. Her dancing has become her life force. Then there’s the conflict she has between Julian who is an aspiring musician who is working for pennies and has the freedom to create the material he wants and then Lermontov who requires strict control over the whole operation. I think it is to Powell and Pressburger’s credit that they manage to succeed in creating three entirely different yet well-rounded characters who all have their motives and flaws. It’s a film that feels progressive even now and doesn’t belong to a particular time. It’s reluctance to slot into a specific genre is also reflective of this as it is a drama, thriller, horror, dance piece all in one.

I think that Shearer’s performance is one of my favourites in any film. She shines as Vicky and really brings out the talent and the grandeur of the role. Despite her privilege (we first see her sat in a private box watching the ballet), Vicky shows her natural passion and talent which impresses Lermontov who initially dismisses her because of her background. Despite Vicky’s flair for ballet, she is still an outsider as her fellow dancers clearly do not have the luxuries that she has. No scene depicts this better than when she thinks she is going to dinner and is dressed to the nines complete with a tiara, only to find the men running the ballet planning the next production in casual attire. Vicky is by no means a perfect individual either. She throws a tantrum when she is unable to keep up with Julian’s tempo during rehearsal. Vicky and Julian’s relationship develops as they realise that they are two sides of the same coin which Lermontov despises. The complexities of Lermontov’s character makes him one of my favourite “villains” film history. His obsession dehumanises those around him, none more so than prima ballerina, Irina Boronskaya (Ludmilla Tchérina) who is abandoned by Lermontov when she announces her engagement. The people around Lermontov are dehumanised puppets where his ambitions must become their ambitions. The moment there is any hint of a life outside the ballet, they are exonerated and in Lermontov’s eyes, they never even existed. His unapologetic way of life is challenged by Vicky and the climatic scene shows a crack in the façade as he breaks down onstage and forces the production to commence without her. The vision becomes empty and the audience gazes at a moving spotlight as it flutters around the stage where Vicky should be.

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The music composed by Brian Easdale is nothing short of extraordinary and it effortlessly dances the line between the ballet production and the film reality until eventually both worlds merge into one. The music used in the production of The Red Shoes is spectacular with the church scene in particular remaining a highlight for me. I get chills every time I watch that segment and hear the constant bell as the lead is abandoned and left to die. Jack Cardiff’s choreography for the film is a perfect marriage for the score and the two sail on through the film and set the pace. These components are representative of Julian and Vicky’s talents and the importance of the part that they play into the film cannot be unrecognised. One of my favourite aspects of the film is Hein Heckroth‘s costumes designs. The moment when Vicky’s costume for the ballet of The Red Shoes is revealed is breathtaking and it’s one of my favourite costumes in film. Not to mention the incredible costumes that Vicky wears throughout and the clothes designed by Carven for Irina are exceptional.

My love for this film grows with every view and even thinking about it now, it’s incredible how much it has shaped my taste in film and been such a huge influence in my creativity. It’s such a beautiful film that deserves more than one watch and I think it should be on every film lover’s watch list if they haven’t already seen it. It truly deserves its masterpiece status and remains an important part of cinema history.

What do you think of The Red Shoes? Let me know in the comments below!

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Top 5 Andrew Garfield Performances

Andrew Garfield is one of the most exciting millennial actors out there with a huge resume under his belt that boasts film, theatre and television. Since his breakout role in David Fincher’s The Social Network, Garfield’s talents have gone from strength to strength and his career has brought him an Academy Award nomination, two BAFTA nominations and a Tony Award for his performance in the Broadway production of Angels in America. He’s a fearless actor and clearly wants to stretch himself and show off the range he has.

His filmography isn’t as extensive as his television and stage work but this proves the care that he takes in selecting his roles. One his earlier roles that I absolutely adore is The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus (2009) which in true Terry Gilliam style is utterly bonkers but Garfield is wonderful as troupe member, Anton. The fact that that performance doesn’t even make the top 5 just shows his skill as an actor.

Without further ado, here are my top 5 Andrew Garfield performances in chronological order:

The Social Network (2010)

The one that gave him his big breakout into the mainstream, Garfield plays Harvard student, Eduardo Saverin a seed investor for Thefacebook, a website created by fellow student and friend, Mark Zuckerberg (Jesse Eisenberg). In this biopic following the founding of the world’s biggest social media platform, we see Garfield in a significant supporting role in which sees him as a crucial part of Facebook’s inception and then ultimately his ownership is reduced and his profit is minimal. Bolstered by a stellar script by Aaron Sorkin and brilliant direction by Fincher, the part of Saverin is already a meaty role but Garfield goes the extra mile and makes the most of his limited screen time. Even when he is not on the screen, his impact is felt throughout the film. It shows that even at the early stages of his film career, Garfield is looking for risky roles. Not to mention the perfect delivery of the line: Sorry! My Prada’s at the cleaners! Along with my hoodie and my ‘fuck you’ flip-flops, you pretentious douchebag!

Never Let Me Go (2010)

Based on the novel of the same name by Nobel prize winner Kazao Ishiguro, Never Let Me Go is a nostalgic dystopic story about unknowing clones who are raised and brought up to be harvested for their organs. Following the three protagonists Kathy H (Carey Mulligan), Ruth C (Keira Knightley) and Tommy D (Garfield) who are three donors. We watch their journey from their innocent childhood to fully aware adults and the deterioration of their friendships and their lives as they are forced to donate their organs and start dying in the process. Garfield holds his own against this starry cast which also features Charlotte Rampling and Sally Hawkins to name a few. Tommy D is such a complex character as he begins to express his feelings through art in the hope that this will save him and Kathy H. At the start of the film, Tommy is an angry young boy who doesn’t know where to project his frustration but the adult Tommy is more restrained. You can see the tension bubbling to the service with Garfield’s performance and the climactic scene in which he breaks down is heart-breaking to watch. Watching the desperation as Tommy accumulates years and years of art in which his love is expressed and ultimately rejected makes for one of the best performances of the year that was sadly overlooked.

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99 Homes (2014)

Now for my favourite Garfield performance. Fresh off the back from starring as Peter Parker in The Amazing Spider-Man and it’s subsequent sequel, you’d be forgiven for thinking that Garfield would be starring in blockbuster after blockbuster. However, he not only starred but also co-produced his next film 99 Homes, an indie following construction worker, Dennis Nash (Garfield) and his struggle to keep a job which leads to his family being evicted from their home. The eviction is led by the ruthless Rick Carver (Michael Shannon) who Nash starts to work for and begins to be led down a rabbit hole of corruption and deceit. It shows the desperation to survive in a failing climate and what people will do in the pursuit of security. Nash commits awful criminal and moral activities but we don’t judge him for it because we know the background behind this and the intentions. When Dennis is forced to carry out an eviction, his reaction is the complete opposite to Rick’s emotionless demeanor. Whereas Shannon thrives portraying impenetrable characters, Garfield’s characters always wear their heart on their sleeve and none more so than Dennis Nash. Shannon definitely dominates the film as a whole and also provides one of his own career bests but Garfield’s performance should not be overlooked because of this. Seeing him play a young, struggling father who is also tasked with taking care of his mother (Laura Dern) demonstrates his range and versatility.

Hacksaw Ridge (2016)

The biggest performance of his career so far and one that cemented him as a reliable leading man, Garfield leads this biopic about Desmond Doss, a pacifist soldier who acts as a doctor during the Battle of Okinawa at Hacksaw Ridge. Doss refuses to engage in any violent act and even goes into battle without a weapon to protect himself. He was renowned for savings the lives of countless soldiers on both sides. The film itself was a bit overrated as a whole in my opinion (it felt like an imitation of Full Metal Jacket in the first half and is overall an oddly paced film) but Garfield shines in the lead role. There are some unbelievably brilliant scenes such as the climb up the Ridge when the soldiers realise that the rope ladders is soaked with blood. The film is definitely worth a watch just for Garfield’s performance alone and was well worth the Oscar nomination it received. The film was met with controversy thanks to Mel Gibson’s involvement as director and his subsequent awards attention. In my opinion, however, I find his direction a bit too indulgent in this film and not one of the highlights. This is a film that Garfield alone elevates, telling the story of a peacemaker’s experience in the eye of a bloody war.

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Silence (2016)

2016 was unarguably a brilliant year for Garfield. His second feature of the year sees him working with Martin Scorsese in an adaptation of Silence as Father Sebastião Rodrigues, a Portuguese priest who ventures to Edo era Japan to seek out fellow priest Cristóvão Ferreira (Liam Neeson). The film is set during the Shimabara Rebellion that sees Christianity outlawed and anyone who refuses to denounce Christ tortured or killed. Accompanied by Father Francisco Garupe (Adam Driver), Sebastião’s faith is tried and tested throughout as this 3 hour epic follows the trials and tribulations of a suppressed community in a land where they are outsiders. The film is a slow burner but it is a deeply layered film with rewardingly textured performances. Both 2016 films see Garfield play devout Christians in war-torn Japan at different eras but the performances couldn’t be further apart. The psychological effects of torture that Sebastião is forced to endure is shown perfectly by Garfield. We feel Sebastião’s inner turmoil as his reluctance to denounce Christ harms not only himself but others around him.

It’s exciting to see an actor unafraid to showcase a diverse range in a multitude of mediums. He has achieved a lot in a relatively short amount of time and it’s exciting to see what projects he takes on next.

Which Andrew Garfield performance is your favourite? Let me know in the comments below!

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Nosferatu the Vampyre (1979)

The vampire genre is one that has proven longevity since the popularity of Bram Stoker’s Dracula. Since the inception of film as an artistic genre, we have seen vampires populate horror ever since the 1922 classic Nosferatu. It’s a genre that has become a parody unto itself thanks to its association with teen franchises and the common link between vampirism and sex. What makes Werner Herzog’s 1979 masterpiece so impactful is the sincerity and the minimalism with which it is executed. Herzog brings such a natural approach to the production and yet everything is so clearly calculated. Starring Bruno Ganz as Jonathan Harker, Isabelle Adjani as his wife, Lucy and Klaus Kinski as the titular character, the film follows the story of Jonathan Harker and his encounter with the mysterious Count Dracula who lives among ruins in Transylvania. Dracula subsequently ventures into Wismar and brings along a rat infestation causing a plague in the village while feeling entranced by Lucy. The film is a haunting adaptation of the classic tale and with minimal violence, effectively mounts up fear thanks to the emotionally charged script and the isolating direction.

First thing to talk about is Herzog’s direction and screenplay which I have touched on a bit. What’s genius about Nosferatu the Vampyre is its timelessness. It’s a film that could have been made today and still received in the same way. I think that is a credit to Herzog’s talent as a writer and filmmaker that he is able to create a film that is so unique and provided an impact to the horror genre. The first act of the film follow Jonathan’s journey to Transylvania and is fairly slow burning with the middle portion showing Jonathan’s encounter with Nosferatu and his downfall and the final act sees the plague takeover and final showdown. Herzog successfully creates rounded characters in its main three protagonists: Jonathan, Lucy and Dracula and easily follows their isolated storylines before merging together in Wismar. The film becomes an intricate puzzle and Herzog cleverly manages to slot the pieces in the right place by making it more than a simple linear structure.

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Due to the lack of blood and violence, it’s up to the actors to evoke the fear in the film and the cast does so perfectly. Headed by Ganz and Adjani as the Harkers, we are immediately immersed in their world from the opening shot of Lucy screaming herself awake from a nightmare. Kinski isn’t physically in the film that long and first appears halfway through but his presence can be felt even when he is not onscreen. As we see Jonathan succumb to vampirism, we see his attitude shift from loving husband to isolated madman in a performance that is portrayed brilliantly by Ganz. The highlight for me comes from Adjani for her stellar performance as Lucy. Considering the film was made in 1979, Lucy is such a complex character. Herzog makes the audience believe that she is weak and feeble as she struggles to cope when Jonathan sets off on his journey but her strength shines through in the aftermath of the plague that sets upon Wismar. As we see a society led by men crumble, Lucy can be seen actively trying to solve the problem against the advice of the supposedly wise Dr Van Helsing (Walter Ladengast). The nightmares and instincts that Lucy create a sense of otherworldliness to her as she is viewed as a force for Good against the Evil of Nosferatu.

I don’t think I would be doing the film justice if I were not to discuss the iconic soundtrack provided by Popol Vol and featuring the Vocal Ensemble Gordela. The score brings in new sounds and unexpected notes which exemplify the films various twists and turns. It’s hauntingly beautiful and grabs your attention instantly. The score helps the film’s impact on the viewer and really elevates the experience and horror of the subject matter. The track “Tsintskaro” performed by the Vocal Ensemble Gordela is among the many musical highlights in this film as we see Lucy as she ventures through the town square among the madness of the fellow villagers. The incorporation of this traditional folksong brings forth the culture into the film and it clearly made an impact as it also provided inspiration for Kate Bush who sampled this song in “Hello Earth”.

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It goes without saying that Nosferatu the Vampyre is my favourite vampire film and among my top horrors of all time. I think that there is a strong argument to say it is the best vampire film of all time and struggle to think of a horror film that has impacted me more. It’s brilliance comes in its simplicity and its fear comes from the performances which shows what a fantastic cast and crew this film had. All the components mesh together beautifully to create a film that is still haunting and impactful 40 years on.

What do you think of Nosferatu the Vampyre? Let me know in the comments below!

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Disney Animated Classics: Final Ranking

So after months of reviewing and ranking the Disney Animated Classic library, I have finally got my finished list. I thought it would be a bit easier than what it was and found my opinion and outlook changing on a fair few of the films.

If you haven’t read this series then here’s your chance!

Films 1-5

Films 6-10

Films 11-15

Films 16-20

Films 21-25

Films 26-30

Films 31-35

Films 36-40

Films 41-45

Films 46-50

Films 51-57

Here we go with the final ranking from bottom to top:

57) Winnie the Pooh (2011)

56) Chicken Little (2005)

55) Dinosaur (2000)

54) Home on the Range (2004)

53) Meet the Robinsons (2007)

52) Make Mine Music (1946)

51) The Rescuers Down Under (1990)

50) Fantasia 2000 (2000)

49) Melody Time (1948)

48) Saludos Amigos (1948)

47) The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad (1949)

46) Fun and Fancy Free (1946)

45) The Fox and the Hound (1981)

44) Lady and the Tramp (1955)

43) Oliver & Company (1988)

42) Robin Hood (1973)

41) The Rescuers (1977)

40) Big Hero 6 (2014)

39) Bolt (2008)

38) Ralph Breaks the Internet (2018)

37) Cinderella (1950)

36) The Sword in the Stone (1963)

35) The Jungle Book (1967)

34) Brother Bear (2003)

33) Treasure Planet (2002)

32) Zootopia (2016)

31) Wreck-It Ralph (2012)

30) The Great Mouse Detective (1986)

29) Atlantis: The Lost Empire (2001)

28) The Black Cauldron (1985)

27) Hercules (1997)

26) Dumbo (1941)

25) Frozen (2013)

24) Tarzan (1999)

23) Pocahontas (1995)

22) Pinocchio (1940)

21) The Three Caballeros (1945)

20) Peter Pan (1953)

19) Moana (2016)

18) The Princess and the Frog (2009)

17) Lilo & Stitch (2002)

16) The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996)

15) The Emperor’s New Groove (2000)

14) One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1961)

13) The Aristocats (1971)

12) Aladdin (1992)

11) Alice in Wonderland (1951)

10) Tangled (2010)

9) The Little Mermaid (1989)

8) Mulan (1998)

7) The Lion King (1994)

6) The Many Adventures of Winnie of Pooh (1977)

5) Bambi (1942)

4) Sleeping Beauty (1959)

3) Beauty and the Beast (1991)

2) Fantasia (1940)

1) Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937)

So that’s the full ranking! What do you think? Let me know what Disney films are your favourites in the comments below!

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Disney Animated Classics: Numbers 51-57 Ranking

We finally made it! After months of reviews and rankings, this is the final post before we are all up to date before Frozen II hits cinemas. This series of posts have taken us through not only the history of Disney but also a history of animation as we transition from hand-drawn to computer animation. Going from more traditional fairytale retellings to complex stories about identity and love, Disney continues to better itself as a studio although there is still a long way to go. Much like the animation studio in Burbank, it is held up by its traditions like the statues of the Dwarfs that hold up the building itself. This bunch of films sees Disney poke fun of its past in a bid to expose the mistakes that have been made in its portrayal of serious issues such as gender stereotypes and racism. In doing so, it tends to fall flat at times as the gestures don’t seem sincere and apologetic but it is made with good intentions.

We also see Disney’s most successful film as well as the first Best Animated Feature Oscar winners that aren’t Pixar. Disney seems to have found its footing in a landscape dominated by computer animation by using nostalgic elements such as Disney princesses but making them modern. With Disney being the most powerful studio in the world, they are able to recruit star-studded casts and the best crew such as Lin-Manuel Miranda’s stellar soundtrack for Moana and Idina Menzel and Kristen Bell as the two sisters in Frozen.

Just in case you need a refresher, here are the previous installments:

Films 1-5

Films 6-10

Films 11-15

Films 16-20

Films 21-25

Films 26-30

Films 31-35

Films 36-40

Films 41-45

Films 46-50

This list includes the last hand-drawn feature before Disney announced its dedication to computer animation and also includes some of the most progressive films in Disney’s catalogue. These films clearly have an aim to push strong female characters in them and although it isn’t perfect, it’s a step in that direction. There are areas as I have said previously where Disney need to step up such as including LGBT+ characters and a wider array of cultural backgrounds that don’t fall into stereotypical tropes. The films from Disney aren’t perfect but they are trying to right the wrongs of the past while also reflecting modern politics in a way where they please everyone. I don’t necessarily agree with their philosophy but they are a brand and revenue is one of the most important (if not THE most important) factor in the Disney process. Hopefully, they learned from the straight-to-DVD sequel, prequel fiasco of the early noughties and go back to creating films with heart where the audience is the primary focus rather than their pockets.

Without further ado, here are the reviews for films 51-57:

51) Winnie the Pooh (2011)

Marking Disney’s last hand-drawn feature, Winnie the Pooh seems to mark the end of an era as Disney begins to embark on computer-animated films only. I am really sad to say that this film falls flat for me. I just didn’t find it enjoyable in the slightest. The animation is off, the plot is boring and the characters aren’t as lovable. I mean, this is Winnie the Pooh we’re talking about. The characters are loved all around the world but this adaptation mauls the text and tarnishes the franchise. Luckily, we still have The Many Adventures of WInnie the Pooh to enjoy and we can forget about this mess of a film. The animation of the animals isn’t too bad but the design of Christopher Robin and the background looks out of place.

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52) Wreck-It Ralph (2012)

Showing that Disney is still capable of producing original material, Wreck-It Ralph follows the titular character (voiced by John C. Reilly) who is the villain of an arcade game wanting to be the good guy for once like “Fix-It Felix”, the insufferable character who defeats Ralph numerous times a day. Ralph is despised by the fellow tenants of the apartment block that he tries to destroy. Sick of the same routine, Ralph escapes to Sugar Rush, another game where players race through lands of candy. There he encounters the tiny Vanellope von Schweet (voiced by Sarah Silverman), a funny and sassy aspiring racer who is also an outcast due to her glitch. Together, they try to become heroes when the arcade’s future is thrown into uncertainty. It’s a film full of nostalgia with its inclusion of iconic game characters such as Pacman and Sonic the Hedgehog but it isn’t held down by this or overwhelmed.

53) Frozen (2013)

The first non-Pixar Disney film to take home the Best Animated Feature Oscar is also the most successful Disney film of all time. Frozen takes its inspiration from “The Snow Queen” by Hans Christian Anderson and follows Princess Anna (voiced by Kristen Bell) who embarks on a quest to find her sister Queen Elsa (voiced by Idina Menzel) when the latter runs away and covers the entire Kingdom of Arendelle in an eternal winter. The film itself is a huge feat for Disney as it features one of the most iconic songs to come out of the Disney catalogue (Oscar winning song, “Let It Go”) as well as some of the most memorable characters in recent years, notably Olaf the sun-loving snowman (voiced by Josh Gad). Frozen is instantly recognisable around the globe and has become a phenomenon and a brand in itself which is hugely impressive for an animated film. Robert Lopez and Kristen Anderson-Lopez’s songwriting feels like the modern equivalent of the iconic songs from Alan Menken and Howard Ashman as they capture the essence of the film from the opening song. It’s not everyday that an animated feature passes the $1 billion mark at the box office but Frozen did it and with two female protagonists at the helm to boot. Who said women don’t make revenue at the box office?

54) Big Hero 6 (2014)

This is the one Disney film that I hadn’t seen before completing this ranking. I have been meaning to watch it but eventually I forgot and never got around to it. Following teenage Hero, a ridiculously intelligent robot enthusiast who has graduate high school early and doesn’t know what to do with his time, we see his budding friendship with Baymax, a robot made by his late brother. Big Hero 6 isn’t a bad film by any means but just as I had suspected, it just isn’t my cup of tea. I completely appreciate the height though as the animation is among Disney’s best in the modern age. Based on a Marvel comic that is based in a fictional city that combines San Francisco and Tokyo, the film appears to take aspects of Japanese culture such as using the language on shop signs and using Japanese characters names in an English-speaking white American setting. I think it is more of a tribute to Japanese anime than maliciously appropriating but it feels as though Big Hero 6 is more of a “trendy” film due the popularity of anime than a sincere offering. The animation style takes inspiration from anime but the style is more Disney’s version of anime. As I say, I don’t think the film is bad but I feel like it could have been more.

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55) Zootopia (2016)

I have marked this down as Zootopia on the ranking as that was the original title although in the UK, this was released as Zootropolis. Set in a universe populated by animals where predators rule the roost and prey are subject to less dangerous careers such as farming. The film follows Judy Hopps (voiced by Ginnifer Goodwin), a rabbit who succeeds in becoming a police officer but is subject to parking duty because she is a rabbit. After numerous predators go missing, Judy eagerly volunteers to find them to prove herself and teams up with con-artist Nick Wilde (voiced by Jason Bateman), a fox who Judy blackmails into assisting her. The film is a clever depiction of racism in American as well as an accurate portrayal of gender politicals and the corruption of authority. Despite the obscure metaphor, the message of equality is easy enough for children to grasp and this is what makes the film more than simple entertainment.

56) Moana (2016)

The latest inclusion of a Disney princess sees us travel to the Polynesian island of Motunui where Moana is destined to become the Chief of her village but she longs to venture out to sea. What follows is a road trip style film where she has to retrieve the Heart of Te Fiti to stop her island suffering from famine. Teaming up with shapeshifting demigod, Maui, Moana must sail across the seas encountering monsters and finding herself along the way. The plot for the film is simple and the structure is reflective of a road-trip movie but elevates this film and makes it special is the soundtrack. Written by Pulitzer Prize winning songwriter Lin-Manuel Miranda, the songs are beautiful and clever, incorporating the language and music style of Polynesian culture naturally. I don’t think the film would be as successful as it is without the soundtrack as the songs really show the character development as Moana grows from a fearful girl wanting to explore to an adventurer who wants to continue her ancestor’s tradition. The animation is stunning and it is by far my favourite inclusion on this list.

57) Ralph Breaks the Internet (2018)

The second Disney sequel to be included on the Animated Classics list, Ralph Breaks the Internet is the eagerly awaited follow-up to 2012’s Wreck-It Ralph. The arcade’s popularity is waning and Vanellope is growing bored with the same racetracks everyday. She wants more and longs to venture to the internet where free-riding games are all the rage. When a player accidentally breaks the steering wheel for the machine after fighting Vanellope for control, Ralph and Vanellope must find $27,000 for a new wheel to purchase before the machine is closed down. They venture into the internet to find the money. The film is even more bonkers than the first and really captures how random the internet really is. The studio even goes as far as to incorporate the dark web by making it sleezy and the creatures that reside there are truly disgusting and disturbing. Unlike The Rescuers Down Under, this is a sequel that feels fresh and familiar at the same time.

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So that’s it! That’s all the reviews for every Animated Classic so far. It’s been a lot of fun but really challenging having to decide where they all slot because every film is so different (except for The Rescuers and The Rescuers Down Under which is the same film set in different countries). Needless to say, I am very excited to see where Disney goes as we enter a new decade and I hope that they also go back to including hand-drawn animation as well. It’d be nice to see their animations explored in all styles.

Here is my final ranking:

1) Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937)

2) Fantasia (1940)

3) Beauty and the Beast (1991)

4) Sleeping Beauty (1959)

5) Bambi (1942)

6) The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh (1977)

7) The Lion King (1994)

8) Mulan (1998)

9) The Little Mermaid (1989)

10) Tangled (2010)

11) Alice in Wonderland (1951)

12) Aladdin (1992)

13) The Aristocats (1971)

14) One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1961)

15) The Emperor’s New Groove (2000)

16) The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996)

17) Lilo & Stitch (2002)

18) The Princess and the Frog (2009)

19) Moana (2016)

20) Peter Pan (1953)

21) The Three Caballeros (1945)

22) Pinocchio (1940)

23) Pocahontas (1995)

24) Tarzan (1999)

25) Frozen (2013)

26) Dumbo (1941)

27) Hercules (1997)

28) The Black Cauldron (1985)

29) Atlantis: the Lost Empire (2001)

30) The Great Mouse Detective (1986)

31) Wreck-It Ralph (2012)

32) Zootopia (2016)

33) Treasure Planet (2002)

34) Brother Bear (2003)

35) The Jungle Book (1967)

36) The Sword in the Stone (1963)

37) Cinderella (1950)

38) Ralph Breaks the Internet (2018)

39) Bolt (2008)

40) Big Hero 6 (2014)

41) The Rescuers (1977)

42) Robin Hood (1973)

43) Oliver & Company (1988)

44) Lady and the Tramp (1955)

45) The Fox and the Hound (1981)

46) Fun and Fancy Free (1947)

47) The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad (1949)

48) Saludos Amigos (1943)

49) Melody Time (1948)

50) Fantasia 2000 (2000)

51) The Rescuers Down Under (1990)

52) Make Mine Music (1946)

53) Meet the Robinsons (2007)

54) Home on the Range (2004)

55) Dinosaur (2000)

56) Chicken Little (2005)

57) Winnie the Pooh (2011)

I am aware that the final rankings may seem shocking and the new films such as Frozen may seem really low on the list, but consider that the ones at the tops are classics that have been with me through childhood, I think they have done really well. The films at the top have proven to be classics that have stood the test of time for decades and still resonate with audiences today whereas the newer films need that chance to breathe.

I am excited to see where Disney go in the future and I am hoping Frozen II continues to push Disney in the right direction as it has done so far with its feminist outlook.

What do you think of my final ranking? What would be your top choice? Let me know in the comments below!

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Sorry to Bother You (2018)

Another film that I have been meaning to see since its release, Sorry to Bother You is a brilliant study of capitalism in modern day America. Written and directed by Boots Riley in a fantastic debut, we follow Cassius “Cash” Green (Lakeith Stanfield) as he starts a career in RegalView, a telemarketing centre and his rise to the top after using his “white voice” to appeal to white middle-class America. His friends at RegalView, Squeeze (Steven Yeun) and Salvador (Jermaine Fowler) start a union to get basic benefits as the workers only receive commission. Cash quickly becomes a “Power Caller” and is taken to the top floor where he is tasked with selling slave labour on behalf of corrupt company, WorryFree, to large corporations around the world. In a society where money talks, we see Cash’s struggle intensify as he has to choose between security and his relationship with his girlfriend, Detroit (Tessa Thompson). The film flits between genres flawlessly, drifting from comedy to drama to science-fiction in a matter of seconds. It’s refusal to slot into a specific box and the ability to feel relevant shows Riley’s talent for screenwriting. There is so much going on in this film that adds layers and layers of subtext and it’s a testament to the racist and classist struggle that underlies modern society.

First thing to discuss is the direction and script. Despite the film being his directorial debut, Riley brings a film that looks as though he has done this for years. His vision is crystal clear right down to the colours of the doors. The film opens on Cash’s interview at RegalView as he attempts to blag his way to the entry job. He unsuccessful carries out a flamboyant lie which sees him take a huge trophy and employee of the month frame that he had made to make himself seem more impressive. From the get go, Riley establishes Cash as someone who is willing to do what it takes to achieve the American Dream. The capitalist aspect of this film is at the forefront but there are the racist undertones which are made more explicit as Cash finds himself among a rich, white society. Even at the point when he has achieved more than his colleagues on the bottom and top floors, he is still viewed as an outsider.

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This brings me onto the cast who all do a brilliant job, particularly Stanfield and Thompson. The chemistry they have is so natural and the audience feels the intensity when the relationship becomes strained. Cash’s conflict with identity and finding a purpose is one that resonates with a lot of people. He doesn’t fit in with any particular group of people and any stereotypes that society has of black people don’t fit at all. Detroit is an artist who is certain of her identity and has a clear view of the world. There is a literal divide for the characters as the morally sound people populate the bottom floor and live for pennies and the corrupt group working upstairs live extremely privileged lifestyles. We see in a matter of seconds Cash’s life shift as the material items are replaced more luxurious goods such as his car. The film’s dynamic editing is quickfire and snappy to portray the large scale changes that money can make. These material items and the apartment Cash buys detaches him further and further away from his friends. He soon begins to use his “white voice” without realising as his work persona starts to take over and change his personality. 

The point of view in the film is fairly radical in its ideas and the issues it raises are important. We see a Leftist group attempt to fight a large corporation who deal with trading weaponry and slave labour to other countries. Modern society looks at the history of slavery with disgust and yet those at the top are competing to have a slice of the pie when WorryFree’s plan for slave labour piques the interest of the powerful due to low cost and high productivity. Riley is quick to remind the audiences that the problems society had in the past haven’t truly gone away and that it merely embarks a different and more modern disguise. The idea of the call centre and sticking to the script literally brainwashes its employees and forces them to conform to an ideal that fits a white middle-class America. The Leftist group are made to look wild and are even mocked when they throw cans at the staff who try to enter the building with one particular can hitting Cash and giving him a huge cut on his head throughout the film. The wound becomes symbolic of his betrayal to the cause and the physical and metaphorical damage that has been caused by his willingness to partake in the selling of slave labour.

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Overall, this is a very strong film with a clear point of view that is important and relevant. It’s a shame that this didn’t get a wider release as I think this is a film that explores difficult themes in a unique way that pushes boundaries in a similar way that Get Out did.

What did you think of Sorry to Bother You? I’m assuming it’s positive because the film is bloody incredible! Let me know in the comments below!

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Disney Animated Classics: Numbers 46-50 Ranking

This post has been a long one coming as I have been slow reviewing and uploading this series of posts but we are almost there. This is the penultimate post before we are completely up to date just in time for the upcoming release of the much-hyped Frozen II. After featuring Disney during its slump, we see the last of it here and begin to move forward into the era of today known as the Revival. I can’t believe we’re almost at the end but some of the films in this list, I have watched countless times.

As ever you can read the previous instalments here:

Films 1-5

Films 6-10

Films 11-15

Films 16-20

Films 21-25

Films 26-30

Films 31-35

Films 36-40

Films 41-45

With the introduction of the new era, we begin to see Disney pushing itself into the 21st century and reflecting the politics and society of today. With that in mind we begin to see a reintroduction to new Disney princesses who are more diverse and independent, inclusion of characters of different races and backgrounds. Disney has a long way to go with this as we eagerly await the first openly LGBT+ character in an animated film from them whereas other animation studios such as Laika have been more inclusive and fearless. However, the films in this list show Disney starting to go in the right direction.

Here’s the reviews for films 46-50:

46) Chicken Little (2005)

This film was everywhere on its release and marked a start for Disney beginning to incorporate computer animation more in its repertoire. The result, however, was extremely disappointing. Chicken Little sees Zach Braff as the titular character who convinces his town that the sky is falling and becomes a laughing stock. What the townspeople don’t know is that it is actually true and the town is on the brink of an alien invasion. The story itself is sweet but what lets it down is the animation, poor character development and overly tortured dialogue. The film reeks of noughties trends and tries so hard to be relevant that it becomes cringy to watch. The character of Chicken Little isn’t particularly well-rounded as he spends most of the film falling over or not communicating properly with other characters, mainly his father. Unlike Pixar, the animation doesn’t feel as modern as it should be (Pixar released The Incredibles in 2004 for comparison) and it seems that the plot is disjointed and isn’t pulled off as they imagined. The film did well commercially but not critically and I think that the team did take this on board. There’s a reason that we don’t see or hear of Chicken Little at the Disney Parks and I don’t think it’d even be considered for a reboot at any point. This definitely seems like Disney’s lowest point.

47) Meet the Robinsons (2007)

This was an interesting film for me to watch as I had only just seen it the once previously. Following orphan Lewis whose inventions prevent him from being adopted, he invents a machine to help him remember his mother’s face. At a science fair to debut this project, he is encountered by Wilbur Robinson, a teenager from the future who tells Lewis that the future is in jeopardy if his machine is stolen. Inspired by Tomorrowland at Disney’s park and using Disney’s philosophy “keep moving forward”, the film has a beautiful story and message but sadly it is overwhelmed by one dimensional characters and a strained first act. On rewatching, I did like the film a lot more than the first time but to me it is on the lower tier of Disney films. This is only because there is an abundance of characters and none of them feel really well-rounded. The animation is also problematic at times although a big improvement on Chicken Little. Scenes such as the incident with his peanut butter and jelly gun looks out of place and doesn’t match the aesthetic of the film.

48) Bolt (2008)

It seems hard to believe that Bolt was released a year after Meet the Robinsons. The animation looks so much more advanced and it feels like Disney going back to its original formula while pushing the studio into the future with the critical success that they had hoped for Chicken Little. Bolt (voiced by John Travolta) is a Hollywood stunt dog with his own TV show with his owner, Penny (voiced by Miley Cyrus). When he is mistakenly shipped to New York, he must team up with Mittens the cat and Rhino the hamster to reunite with Penny in Hollywood. The plot is a simple road movie and Disney goes back to using a big star ensemble to draw in the audiences but it works. It’s a film that shows that Disney are capable of bringing quality and heart to their films and starts to mark their presence in the 21st century in a computer animated dominated landscape. The soundtrack is another highlight for this film with the closing song “I Thought I Lost You” sung by Travolta and Cyrus a nice ending and ridiculously catchy.

49) The Princess and the Frog (2009)

After a few unsuccessful attempts at computer animation, Disney returned to hand-drawn animation for this seemingly classic retelling of The Princess and the Frog. Set in 1920s New Orleans, waitress Tiana kisses Prince Naveen, a talking frog, and is ultimately turned into one herself. Together, Tiana and Naveen have to figure out how to undo the curse before they run out of time and become frogs forever. This film was a significant step in Disney history as it features Disney’s first black princess. Unlike the previous films of the 2000s, the film feels sincere and harks back to the classic fairytales and yet sits nicely in a 21st century landscape. The soundtrack is standout and Facilier is one of the scariest villains in Disney history. The animation also feels traditional with its bright New Orleans carnival colours mixed with the Bayou landscape. It’s a gorgeous film that is a true testament to Disney getting itself back on track. There’s great character development and a nice cast of characters who are also developed, particularly friendly firefly, Ray and the jazz loving alligator, Louis.

50) Tangled (2010)

My favourite film on this particular post, Tangled is a quirky retelling of Rapunzel, a princess with long hair who is locked away in a tower. In this film, Rapunzel (voiced by Mandy Moore) is an anxiety-ridden young woman seeking adventure who, along with her sidekick, chameleon Pascal, heads on a quest to visit the “floating lights” with outlaw Flynn (voiced by Zacahary Levi). The animation is fantastic, the soundtrack is beautiful and the film as a whole knocks it out the park. It’s a shame that this was released the same year as Toy Story 3 which outshadowed every animated film that year. Fortunately, Tangled has succeeded in maintaining a legacy and a loyalty among fans with merchandise constantly updated and appearances by the characters in the parks. I think that “I See the Light” is one of the best songs and scenes in Disney history. Everything about it is perfection and brings what we love about Disney films to the surface. The animation of the lanterns and the accompanying scenes in the kingdom are amazingly detailed and filled with texture. It’s one of the most popular modern DIsney films for a reason and deserves more than one watch.

That’s the end of the penultimate post with one extended post to go for films 51-57. We’re deep into the Revival now and the next post features the first non-Pixar Disney films to win the Best Animated Feature Award at the Oscars showing that they are at the height of their game. The next post sees Disney venture into reboots, sequels and originals that vary in topics such as friendship, love and isolation.

I promise I will try to be quick with uploading the next post so I can be up to date and ready to see where Frozen II will slot into the list.

Here is my ranking:

1) Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937)

2) Fantasia (1940)

3) Beauty and the Beast (1991)

4) Sleeping Beauty (1959)

5) Bambi (1942)

6) The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh (1977)

7) The Lion King (1994)

8) Mulan (1998)

9) The Little Mermaid (1989)

10) Tangled (2010)

11) Alice in Wonderland (1951)

12) Aladdin (1992)

13) The Aristocats (1971)

14) One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1961)

15) The Emperor’s New Groove (2000)

16) The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996)

17) Lilo & Stitch (2002)

18) The Princess and the Frog (2009)

19) Peter Pan (1953)

20) The Three Caballeros (1945)

21) Pinocchio (1940)

22) Pocahontas (1995)

23) Tarzan (1999)

24) Dumbo (1941)

25) Hercules (1997)

26) The Black Cauldron (1985)

27) Atlantis: the Lost Empire (2001)

28) The Great Mouse Detective (1986)

29) Treasure Planet (2002)

30) Brother Bear (2003)

31) The Jungle Book (1967)

32) The Sword in the Stone (1963)

33) Cinderella (1950)

34) Bolt (2008)

35) The Rescuers (1977)

36) Robin Hood (1973)

37) Oliver & Company (1988)

38) Lady and the Tramp (1955)

39) The Fox and the Hound (1981)

40) Fun and Fancy Free (1947)

41) The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad (1949)

42) Saludos Amigos (1943)

43) Melody Time (1948)

44) Fantasia 2000 (2000)

45) The Rescuers Down Under (1990)

46) Make Mine Music (1946)

47) Meet the Robinsons (2007)

48) Home on the Range (2004)

49) Dinosaur (2000)

50) Chicken Little (2005)

What do you think of the list? Let me know in the comments below!

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Top 5 Viola Davis Performances

A reigning Queen of the Silver Screen, Viola Davis is a titan of acting who shows us time and time again that she really is among the best of the best. She is also the first black actress to receive the Triple Crown of Acting. She is renowned for her grace and poise, she fights for what she believes in and only takes on roles that she wants. She is an icon in a number of different ways but for me, it is her passion for acting and determination to get to the heart of her characters that really stands out for me. You can tell that she truly loves what she does and that she puts herself into the characters whether it be an FBI agent in Suicide Squad, the mother of a missing child in Prisoners or a woman broken by a society that cripples her family because of the colour of their skin in Fences. I can’t even begin to say how much I love VIola Davis as an actress and activist

As ever, these posts delve into film performances so even though her inputs in projects such as the TV series How to Get Away With Murder are incredible, they won’t be added in the list. This also makes it a bit easier when picking the performances for my list.

Here are my top 5 performances in chronological order:

Doubt (2008)

The breakthrough performance that cemented Davis’ career onscreen, Doubt is a star-studded film that features iconic stars Meryl Streep, Amy Adams and Philip Seymour Hoffman, who all received Oscar nominations for their performances. Following Sister Aloysius (Streep) and Sister James (Adams) as they plot to bring down Father Flynn (Hoffman) who is suspected of molesting the school’s first black student. What was the most heartwrenching scene to come from this film was the performance from Viola Davis, an actress who had made her name on TV and the stage but had not broken into the film industry just yet. Her performance as Mrs. Miller, the mother of the abused child, is small but captivating as she struggles with the truth and her faith. It’s a pained performance that holds its ground against three of the best actors in modern times. Davis’ character admits that she would overlook the abuse if it meant that her son could still attend the school and escape from the socioeconomic background that he would be subjected to were he not attending. In one scene she becomes a parent torn by the abuse of secular and religious authorities. She knows that it is a world where they cannot win without suffering and the heartbreak of that realisation sits with you for the duration of the film.

The Help (2011)

Now for the film that solidified Davis as a leading star and should have won her an Academy Award (let’s not even get into that one). I am aware that The Help is a controversial film to put in here and it is completely understandable. The film sadly follows white saviour tropes as Emma Stone’s character, Eugenia “Skeeter” Phelan, helps to expose the abuse that the black maids in Jackson have received. The maids that she initially speak to are Aibileen Clark (Davis) and Minny Jackson (Octavia Spencer) who both provide brilliant performances. I know that sadly these kinds of roles feed into prejudice perceptions of non-white actors who are often delegated to subservient characters. I remember watching this film for the first time and absolutely loving the characters and how much they fight back. The film definitely has its flaws but both Davis and Spencer shine and earn their acclaim. Both characters are brilliantly developed and the scenes with the two of them in are fantastic. Davis has such a presence and says so much with a facial expression. Her performance as Aibileen is a masterclass of acting and only serves as a small step in a huge career.

Prisoners (2013)

This may be an unexpected inclusion into the list but I enjoyed this film a lot. Serving as Denis Villeneuve’s English-language debut, I went into thinking it would be a typical action drama but it was so much more than that. Davis plays Nancy Birch, a woman who’s daughter is kidnapped with her best friend. It’s a film that plays out every parent’s worst nightmare and the lengths one will go to to bring back their child. Davis is maternal, fierce and conflicted when Kevin Dover (Hugh Jackman) who’s daughter also went missing finds a suspect, locks him up and begins to beat him. Nancy is a character who refuses to play by others’ rules and does what feels right to her. Although this is a supporting role, Davis still maintains that strong presence onscreen and brings her A-game in a cast that includes Jackman, Terrence Howard and Jake Gyllenhaal to name a few. Much like the conflict Davis brought in Doubt, it’s hard not to feel affected by her performance. Whereas Jackman and Gyllenhaal fit a traditional “masculine” trope, Davis is the maternal heart but brings a strength that is not often given to women in thrillers. Her involvement shows her desire to work with respected directors and actors and also shows her perseverance to choose roles that help progress to women’s roles in films.

Fences (2016)

The one that brought her all the gongs, Fences is an adaptation of August Wilson’s 1985 play of the same name and directed by her co-star, Denzel Washington, who also brings a career best. Washington refused to divert from WIlson’s script meaning that Wilson is credited as screenwriter and received a posthumous Oscar nomination. Admittedly, Washington’s reluctance to divert from the script does make the film feel a bit too stage-like at times but there is no doubt that this is Davis’ film. I honestly think that they should have gone for the Best Leading Actress awards and she would have won it but the Supporting seemed a “safe” category. She plays Rose Lee Maxson, a woman whose life revolves around satisfying the desires of her husband and their son whose goal is to play baseball. Living in a rundown neighbourhood in a deeply racist society where the odds are stacked against them, Rose does not give up and fights while her husband Troy Maxson delves deeper into madness in his failure to succeed in his American Dream. It’s a highly emotionally charged film that sees Davis go into a different league of acting that is rarely seen. She refuses to be put down by the men she takes care of despite their physical intimidation. Rose is another strong woman that Viola can add to her extensive repertoire.

Widows (2018)

The last blockbuster that Viola starred in saw her take the lead as Veronica Rawlings in Steve McQueen’s fourth feature, Widows which follows four women who plot to carry out a heist after three of their husbands died in a botched job. Veronica is the group leader who draws together the plan using a notebook that her late husband, Harry (Liam Neeson) left in a safety deposit box. The other three women played by Michelle Rodriguez, Elizabeth Debicki and Cynthia Enviro and the four together have great characterisation and rapport. It’s a film built on the strength on its performers and Davis leads with ease. It’s refreshing to see such a strong action-based role which would traditionally be taken by a white male instead being portrayed by a black woman. The film is fearless and knows its strength. Veronica is one of the best female characters in recent years. She’s deeply complex as a grieving widow, a mother who’s son was wrongly murdered due to racism in authority and a woman who knows what she has to do to survive. She shields her fragility and fuels the operation with her persistence.

I am so excited to see where Viola’s career will go next. Even in films like Suicide Squad, she was a shining star to me. She’s an actress who is consistent, likeable and bankable. She is one of the key figures to pushing for more strong female characters in film and constantly talks about the importance of women in film.

What Viola Davis film is your favourite? Let me know in the comments below!

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Adapting Roald Dahl

There are few people who manage to capture the imagination of a global audience in the way that Roald Dahl does through his stories. Over the years we have seen numerous adaptations in a wide variety of mediums and genres through the eyes of a huge spectrum of visionaries. From directors including Danny DeVito and Tim Burton and genres stemming from Mel Stuart’s musically charged classic to Wes Anderson’s progressive stop-motion animated masterpiece. The scope of adaptations made to date only adds to the genius of Dahl’s creativity and highlights the strength of the imagination the man in the shed conjured. Watching the 1971 adaptation, Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory feels just as timeless as Tim Burton’s take in 2005 despite the films bringing a polar opposite aesthetic to the novel.

Originally, I was going to try and list my favourite adaptations but much like the films of directors such as Kubrick or Paul Thomas Anderson, each one is unique for particular reasons and I found it impossible to come up with a reasonable list that sums up my love for Dahl’s stories. Netflix announced in November 2018 that they were going to adapt a number of his works and the excitement and hype ever since has been astrominical. Anne Hathaway is rumoured to have been cast as the Grand High Witch (who was brilliantly played by Anjelica Huston in the original film) in their production of The Witches. This particular remake is being directed by Robert Zemeckis to boot showing the demand around these projects.

Dahl wrote both children and adult books but is probably more known for the former. However, it was his experience and openness to discuss an array of topics (including his autobiographies Boy – Tales of Childhood and Going Solo) that allows him to approach his writing with a fearlessness, bringing a new and exciting perspective to literature. Even when creating his own universes and language, Dahl never patronises the reader and I think this is what has translated so well into the film adaptations such as Nicolas Roeg’s The Witches (1990) and Danny DeVito’s Matilda (1996). Both are great examples of films that are primarily aimed at children but are perfectly suitable for adults as well. No one is excluded from a Dahl tale. Also, the nostalgic draw also undoubtedly contributes to the hype as adults of today probably read his books as children. Dahl has become synonomous with Western (particularly British) childhoods.

I am hugely excited to see what these Netflix adaptations bring as they promise to show a more faithful and darker side to the Dahl bibliography that perhaps has been left out in previous adaptations. Not that has is a bad thing as each adaptation has brought something unique in the way that Dahl has in each of his books but it’ll be interesting to see The Witches with its original ending and a Charlie and the Chocolate Factory with the right balance of book loyalty and darkness (the Tim Burton one slightly overdoes it in my opinion). I am mainly looking forward to The BFG however as that is the one that captured me most as a child. I found the giants absolutely terrifying and I am looking forward to seeing how Netflix adapt it. I enjoyed both adaptations but I feel that the Steven Speilberg take was a bit sillier than it needed to be (although I completely appreciate that The BFG as a character is rather silly). I would probably say that if pushed to choose, my favourite films adaptations would be either Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory (1971), The Witches (1990) or Matilda (1995) which is odd because none of the films are 100% faithful but the final cut doesn’t compromise Dahl’s vision and that is the most important thing.

Which is your favourite Roald Dahl book and/or film adaptation? Let me know in the comments below!

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Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (1966)

Based on the Edward Albee stageplay of the same name and marking Mike Nichols’ directorial debut, Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? follows older couple, Martha (Elizabeth Taylor) and George (Richard Burton) as the cracks in their relationship between to crack and crumble with the arrival of newlywed couple Nick (George Segal) and Honey (Sandy Dennis). Very much like the stage production, the film itself is minimalistic and relies on the strength of the actors’ performances which is provided in spades. Elizabeth Taylor who gives her best performance since her Tennesee Williams duo with Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1958) and Suddenly, Last Summer (1959).

The screenplay is nothing short of amazing. Adapted by Ernest Lehman and there are only minor differences to the film, largely due to location. The Albee play is set only in Martha and George’s house whereas the film gives us a short break in a local roadhouse. It’s not a change that creates any detriment to the film and makes for an opportunity to see how these characters act outside of the comfort of the homely setting. Martha and George’s son is given a name in the film, Nick, in the film adaptation but does not have a name in the play. Again, this is an understandable change as it creates a more emotional charge for the audience as it feels more “real” and relatable when giving him a name. This is similar to the narrator in Truman Capote’s novella Breakfast at Tiffany’s who is given the name, Paul Varjak, which probably makes it easier to confirm especially when protagonist Holly Golightly refers to him as “Fred” after her brother. Changes as small as these don’t compromise the vision of the film and in Lehman’s case, it brings a different dimension to Albee’s play and enhances it in some ways.

Taylor had had her fair share of turbulance with the press and public as her lifestyle and general sexuality was judged and she was seen as a poor role model but this film allows us to see that she isn’t afraid to “deglamourise” and get gritty when needed. She has always been a brilliant actress as previously proven but portraying Martha gives us a chance to see the darker side as Martha manipulates and instigates. She is such an unlikeable character but Taylor has such a presence that it is impossible to feel Martha’s power as she dominates with her physicality. She manipulates the audience into feeling how she wants them to feel, gaining sympathy when needed and repulsion when required. Her performance is nuanced and showed that her career was far from over.

Richard Burton on the other hand plays the oppressed husband waiting to explode as Martha provokes again and again. One of the best actors of the Golden Age of Hollywood, Burton was seriously undervalued during his lifetime and found himself without an Oscar despite seven nominations under his belt. This was indeed one of those performances and despite his brilliance, this really is Taylor’s film. That isn’t to say that his performance isn’t excellent because it is among his best of the best and shows the potential that he was capable of being succombing to alcoholism.

The supporting actors, Segal and Dennis shine as the young couple seemingly in love. The longer they spend time with the miserable elders, they start to see parallels in their own relationship. Sandy Dennis is particularly eyecatching as Honey, the initially subdued housewife who then begins to disagree with her husband. It captured the Academy’s attention as well who award her with the Best Supporting Actress gong. The arrival of the young couple gradually means that the film becomes a game of Chinese whispers as secrets are thrown around to the wrong people and conflicts happen every five minutes. It’s a spiderweb of the complexity of relationship and ultimately seeks to find the foundation of their relationship and destroy it. The ending then leaves the question of what happens next as their years of marriage and lies lay bare in front of them.

The film is a great example that plays can be adapted successfully to the big screen without making big compromises. The film allows the actors to bounce off each other rather than blending into a spectacle. Seeing Taylor and Burton onscreen is always a treat as well and to see such volatile performances makes the film raw and honest. It’s a film that feels enormously progressive for its time as the couple grieve over the death of their son, deal with their bad habits and open up about their tumultuous marriage. The characters are not trying to be likeable because they react as their character would react rather than catering to a Hollywood audience as the big studios would play it.

What do you think of the film? Let me know in the comments below!