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Frances Ha (2012)

Watching this for the first time during university was truly revolutionary. Noah Baumbach’s film follows the titular character (played flawlessly by Greta Gerwig), a contemporary dancer who struggles to maintain a secure lifestyle in New York after her best friend Sophie (Mickey Sumner) moves out of their apartment. Filmed in black and white, stripping back the New York background in a way that feels like an homage to Woody Allen’s Manhatten, Frances Ha is witty and heartbreaking while creating a brilliantly developed character who feels real and leaves you thinking long after the credits roll. Directed by Baumbach and co-written by him and Gerwig, Frances Ha has earned its place among the great indie films of the 21st century for its mix of quick wit and improvisation. Following Frances and told from her perspective, Frances Ha is a seemingly simple film in that it doesn’t explore a specific plot but it demonstrates the struggle young people have and what they will do in order to achieve their dreams.

Frances Halladay is enigmatic and fiery. She has an array of bad habits such as smoking and bad money management but she has a passion for life and sees the magic in the everyday. This love for life is magnetic and we begin to see New York from Frances’ perspective. Her New York is an entirely different place. She has plenty of struggles but somehow she is able to bounce back and flit from place to place knowing that everything will figure itself out in the end. Despite not having a “real” plot, the film sees Frances become reliant on herself. Her initial identity is completely tied to Sophie but when Sophie moves, Frances is forced to carve her own path. She’s one of my favourite characters in film with good reason. She’s quirky, doesn’t let go off her dreams and importantly, doesn’t allow a man to dictate or motivate any action unless she wants it to. For all her flaws, Frances brings her strength subtly and isn’t aware of her own power.

Frances Ha allows a deeper focus on characters rather than plot. The natural approach the actors bring mean that the audience forgets that they are watching a film rather than a documentary. Mainly set and filmed in New York, there are also scenes that take us to Sacramento and Paris. No matter where Frances goes, she doesn’t change and the world remains just as black and white as ever. We see Frances at a turning point in her life. At 27 years old she is starting to lose a grip on her dream as a dancer and begins to understand that she will have to compromise to maintain security. Because it’s not plot driven, it feels as though the audience has stepped into this moment in her life and that there will be a big breakthrough for her but Baumbach is a grounded visualist brings a more realistic approach and finds a more believable solution.

I have touched on the cinematography before but it deserves its own observation. Baumbach’s New York feels like it doesn’t belong in a specific time or place. The decision to film in black and white definitely contributes to it but also Frances’ ability to largely avoid modern culture and do her own thing gives the film a detachment and allows it to become immersed in its own universe. The decision to make it black and white added a quirky aesthetic to the film and made it a talking point but ultimately, it is a film that relies heavily on its actors and Gerwig in particular who is in the majority of the film. Inspired by the French New Wave, the film is minimalist and brings a European style to the US. Although it doesn’t bring whistles and bells, it is contrasted by Frances’ extroverted personality. Without Baumbach or Gerwig, Frances Ha would not be the film it is and would not be the indie success that it is.

There is something that continuously draws me in with Frances Ha. Every time I watch it I notice something new whether it is a particular performance, the cinematography or the writing. It’s a film that maintains its topics and place in the mumblecore movement. As both Gerwig and Baumbach’s careers have skyrocketed to new heights with both releasing two of the best films of the year with Little Women and Marriage Story respectively, it’ll be great to see them collaborate again. Their 2015 film Mistress America which was their last collaboration was also a fun watch but for me, it is Frances Ha that remains my favourite. It’s a film that is strongly feminist and feels relatable as someone who aspires to make a living in the creative industry.

What do you think of Frances Ha? Let me know in the comments below!

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Mustang (2015)

A gem of a film you may have missed this past decade comes in the form of this Oscar-nominated Turkish-French film. Mustang is the debut feature by filmmaker Deniz Gamze Ergüven and follows five young sisters who are forced into arranged marriages after they are caught innocently playing in the sea with male classmates. Told from the perspective of the youngest sister, Lale (Güneş Şensoy), Mustang shows the struggles of being a woman in an oppressive society, the loss of innocence and the importance of sisterhood. Ergüven’s direction and script is drawn from aspects of her own life and this authenticity and knowledge can certainly be felt. The film uses limited locations which exemplifies the situation the sisters are in. The opening scenes show them leaving school and the freedom on the beach as they play. When their activities are discovered, they are trapped within the family home and forced to practice chores expected from women such as cooking and cleaning. The house is in the middle of nowhere and the girls are allowed limited access into the town due to the shame that they brought to the family. What Ergüven does so well by showing the film from Lale’s perspective is making the space seem bigger than what it is.

All five sisters have their own distinct personalities and outlook on life. As each one is married off one by one from eldest to youngest, we view their differing circumstances. This is mostly noticeable in the wedding scene where we see the two older sisters wed their husbands. Older sister, Sonay (İlayda Akdoğan) marries a man of her own choice and dances happily but second oldest sister Selma (Tuğba Sunguroğlu) sits forlorn at the table as she is forced to marry someone she does not care for. There isn’t a heavy focus on either sister as we are viewing this from Lale’s perspective and so the attention flits between various partygoers as well as Lale’s grandmother and Uncle. The writing in this scene is absolutely phenomenal and poignant as it marks the last time the five sisters are altogether and alive. It is in the wedding scene when you realise the seriousness of the plot. It is one thing for underage and arranged marriage to be discussed but it is an entirely different scenario when you see it actually happening. Especially the aftermath scene in which Selma’s bedsheets are inspected for blood the morning after and her in-laws claim she isn’t a virgin. The life-threatening undertones make this one of the terrifying scenes in film. The protagonist of the film, however, comes in the form of the youngest sister Lale. Şensoy brings a fantastic performance that is fearless and powerful. Lale isn’t afraid of what others think nor is she afraid of angering her elders when they are in the wrong. Her natural ability to resist is evident throughout the whole film and the concluding rebellion that she carries out with her sister, Nur (Doğa Doğuşlu) only shows how brilliant a character she is.

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One of my favourite parts of this film is the score by Warren Ellis who does a stellar job of capturing the sisters’ struggle. It’s a quiet and soft score that grows with intensity as the time to find Lale a husband looms. It’s an underrated score by all accounts and should have brought Ellis an Oscar nomination at least. The score is such an important part of a film that can really enhance the overall experience and I think that Ellis captures the heart of the film and the bond between the sisters. The combination of classic sounds with traditional Turkish music used in the wedding scene blurs the lines between the reality and the movie.

One of the best scenes in this film comes when the sisters sneak out of the house to attend a football match where adult men are banned. They are caught on camera during the match and in a bid to avoid their Uncle from seeing, the Grandmother swiftly turns the power off. It’s a small gesture but in this moment, the audience realises that the Grandmother has her sympathies for the girls and doesn’t want them to get into any further trouble. Ironically, the football match is where the girls feel safe and have fun as they are in a stadium surrounded by fellow women and watching men as a spectacle rather than being a spectacle in a male dominated world themselves. They have regained their power as individuals with individual identities in this scene and it is empowering to watch. Another scene which is a standout for me is the downfall of middle sister, Ece (Elit İşcan) who ends up committing suicide when the pain becomes too much. After waiting to be married off, she is molested by her Uncle but keeps this from her sisters so as not to upset them. The burden becomes overwhelming and she eventually takes her own life. This moment brings the trauma from the outside world into the supposedly “safe” confines of the family home. The brief glimpse that Lale sees of her bloodied sister is all the audience see before we are whisked away for the men to get rid of the body.

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Foreign language films always bring the best out of cinema whilst seemingly pushing the envelope in ways that English-language films seem reluctant and scared. Films like Mustang help lift the lid and raise awareness on important issues without caring about their opposing sides feelings. They have a clear point of view and they are films that make the audience think. The year this came out was an extremely strong year in film as you also had the revolutionary Hunagrian Holocaust feature Son of Saul which follows life of a man subject to working the gas chambers. Son of Saul was the film deservingly selected to walk home with the Oscar on awards night but any other year and that would have easily belonged to Mustang. It is a film that brings strength and hope to its female protagonists and also sheds a light on the injustice thrust upon young women in modern society.

What do you think of Mustang? Let me know in the comments below!

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Beasts of the Southern Wild (2012)

Benh Zeitlin’s Deep South exploration of classism and racism within a microscopic community called The Bathtub based in the Louisiana Bayou shows the heartbreaking journey a little girl, Hushpuppy (Quvenzhané Wallis) makes to be reunited with her mum after her father falls ill who she hasn’t seen in years. The film is intricate in all of its elements and has become one of the most captivating films of the past decade for its brilliant cinematography, emotionally charged writing and a fantastic performance by Wallis. In fact, Wallis became the youngest nominee at age 9 for the Best Leading Actress Oscar at the 2013 ceremony for her performance. This may have been the big draw for the film as audiences were keen to see what the fuss was about but it is a film that has a big heart and delves into the trials and tribulations of family. It walked away empty-handed from the Oscars that year but so did other worthy films (aka. The Master) so it’s not the end of the world. I don’t think it has received the mass audience it deserves but it is a very small film and is loved by critics and film fans alike so it may grow into a modern classic soon enough.

Zeitlin’s direction is stunning and absolutely incredible for a first feature. His fixation on the community itself and reluctance to show the outside world was a great choice as the consequences and invasion of the outside world feels more impactful than if we saw The Bathtub in a larger context. We get to know similar faces and their way of life in the first half of the act and importantly, their strategies to escape from those who want to split them up. Hushpuppy isn’t raised in a conventional manner. Her education and lifestyle sees her living in her own house, cooking and raising animals at the age of 5. She is self-reliant and mature in many ways but what Zeitlin wants us to remember is that she is still a child. She sets fire to her house when angry at her father because she doesn’t think of the consequences. She screams and throws tantrums but she is also fearless and has a simplistic look on the world that makes it easy to identify the good and the bad. To Hushpuppy, there is no middle ground. Hushpuppy’s development in the script, written by Lucy Alibar and Zeitlin, is depicted beautifully as she begins to understand and comprehend the reality of the situation when she is separated from her dad and the truth about her mum.

Wallis’ performance is among the best of the decade for me. Only five years old when filming this, she truly encapsulates everything about Hushpuppy and pulls it off with ease. Unafraid to be big and proud but also willing to show vulnerability, the emotional spectrum that Hushpuppy goes through means that the role itself is deeply complex, especially for a child. This is because Hushpuppy isn’t a normal child. Wallis seems to understand this and commands attention when onscreen, which she is for the majority of the film. Thematically, Hushpuppy encounters loss, death and grief which are hugely dense topics for a child so young to even comprehend but Wallis is so engaged in her performance that she isn’t afraid of tackling this maturity head on.

The score composed by Dan Romer and director Zeitlin has become somewhat of a modern classic unbeknown to the mass audiences. The main theme has been used in various adverts and trailers alike and it feels like a piece that truly resonates the hope and adventure in the film. The soundtrack can only be described as strong and deep in heritage with Deep South banjos mixed with Cajun vibes creating a sound that feels exclusive to the community. The tracks are all fairly short as the film is made up of lots of smaller scenes rather than fewer elongated ones and this helps with the shift in tone and character. The use of brass in the score is phenomenal and makes the film feel grounded and rooted with nature. We feel Hushpuppy’s perseverance and strength.

What makes this one of my favourite films of the decade is the humility that it brings. Beasts of the Southern Wild is a film that has power in its characters and detail in writing that serves to develop characters, particularly Hushpuppy. It is such a striking film that isn’t afraid to push the realms of realism while simultaneously remaining grounded in very real topics of class and race politics. Because we view the film from Hushpuppy’s point of view predominantly, we too are seeing these issues in a very different manner. As her dad arrives home with a hospital wristband, it is only a minor detail on his outfit as Hushpuppy questions his “dress” (his hospital gown). It’s a film that discusses recurring issues but in a unique way and for that, I think it deserves to be remembered.

What do you think of Beasts of the Southern Wild? Let me know in the comments below!

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Princess Mononoke (1997)

Another day, another Ghibli review. Hayao Miyazaki’s Princess Mononoke is a Medieval set fantasy in the ancient land of folklore and Gods and the battle between Mankind and the spirits in the forest. The film follows Prince Ashitaka who is cursed by a dying boar and must venture to the West to find the reasons for his curse. He ventures to Irontown where the residents, led by the greedy Lady Eboshi, are on a mission to rid the forest of its Gods in order to mine up the iron and invade surrounding areas. In between these two parties is a young woman, San (also know as the titular character), who lives with the wolf Gods in the forest and whose mission is to kill Eboshi and put an end to Irontown’s plot to rid the world of the animal Gods. Ashitaka is immediately taken by San and sides with her to put an end to Eboshi while also finding out the meaning of his curse. The film is more violent than most Ghibli films and doesn’t shy away from showing rotting corpses, dismembered limbs and lots of blood but the film needs this to show the corruption within man’s unnecessary fight with nature. The violence that is perpetuated upon the forest and seeing the animal’s rebellion is heartbreaking. Miyazaki’s brilliant vision of contrasting palettes makes this a true fantasy epic as we venture from the deep jewel colours of natures filled with deep greens and blue hues to the abnormal reds and oranges that flare from the furnaces at Irontown.

Princess Mononoke features some of the best known characters in the Ghibli canon from San, the titular character to the various creatures that populate the forest, particularly the adorable Kodama, tiny spirits that guide the way through the forest. In true Ghibli fashion, San is a posterchild for strong female characters. From her first appearance sucking the bullet out of the wolf God and spitting the blood into the water, San doesn’t care how she looks. She doesn’t aim to please anyone and isn’t there to be sexualised or sought after. Ashitaka is drawn to San but San keeps him at arm’s length. She wants to help him but does not care for any romance. San’s reluctance to identify as human makes it easy for the audience to see her as inhuman. Her seemingly superhuman strength and speed makes her seem otherworldly. On the other side of the conflict, Lady Eboshi is a deeply conflict character who isn’t just a regular villain. In true Miyazaki fashion, she has her own understandable methods and a genuine desire to protect her people but she is ultimately on the wrong side of history in this instance. Eboshi is seen as a woman of civility and forward-thinking whereas the people portray San as an animal and treat her like the animals that she lives with. They do not hesitate in their attempts to kill her even though Eboshi confides her sympathies for San to Ashitaka.

The animation and style from this film is quintessential Ghibli. Drawing in on traditional techniques and meshing with this folklore and a modern feel, Princess Mononoke showcases the best of Ghibli and Miyazaki living up to his usual standard. The combination of nature and industrial is deeply satisfying and you are instantly transported to a different time. Despite being sets centuries ago, the technology feels new and unique. The designs of the spirit god’s, particularly the Forest God bring that sense of command and attention that such a character would demand from its audience. One of the best sequences has to include the opening encounter with the boar which is both grotesque and terrifying, setting the tone for the film. Contrast this with later scenes where the forest comes to life to make way for the Forest God.

If you have read my previous Ghibli related posts, you know that I absolutely love the composing genius that is Joe Hisaishi. A longtime Miyazaki collaborator, Ghibli films would not be the same were it not for Hisaishi’s contribution. This is mostly felt in Princess Mononoke, the soundtrack which I listen to everyday. It truly holds its own as an epic in its own right and brings the film’s overall status to epic proportions. Mixing traditional Japanese sounds with fantastical elements, we are thrown into the conflict between man and nature through Hisaishi’s genius use of pace and crescendo. The ending track titled “The Legend of Ashitaka” is easily one of my favourite musical pieces from any film. The piece feels as though it takes you through the emotional span of the entire film in its five minute running time. Starting off quiet and slow and then building with brass and becoming a loud and brash piece showing the tilt in man’s favour. I love how Hisaishi has his own style like Miyazaki and it honestly feels like you can’t have one without the other.

Princess Mononoke is usually ranked among the favourites and has been a popular choice since its release. It is a film that has mass appeal despite its maturity and content. There is a lot of detail to take in within every scene and such a brilliant use of locations and spaces. The era that it is set in is real but the addition of the Gods allows the creative team to think outside the box and bring their originality to the designs. Even the designs of animals such as the monkeys and the boars have an otherworldly feel to them. They are inspired by animals that exist but they don’t exist in the real world. This is something that Ghibli does best in that it blurs the line between real and fantasy, allowing the imagination to run wild. The film isn’t afraid to delve deep into serious issues with its overwhelming message on environmental destruction, the manifestation of greed in man and the corruption that it builds and the longing for power.

What do you think of Princess Mononoke? Let me know in the comments below!

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Marriage Story (2019)

Finally got around to watching this one and boy, was it worth the wait. Noah Baumbach’s tale of a couple coping with the struggles and heartbreak of divorce had received a lot attention and more than deserving of the hype. Scarlett Johansson and Adam Driver play New York based married couple Nicole and Charlie Barber who are pitted against one another by their lawyers when going through their divorce. Directed and written by Baumbach and containing many signature improvised scenes in true Baumbach fashion, he truly has outdone himself with this flick and created a film that is deeply human and resonating on many levels. He does not want the audience to pick sides as each side is justified and wrong in their own ways. Both characters lay out the others’ strengths and weaknesses in the opening monologues, setting the tone for the rest of the film. The film seems more stripped back in direction than Baumbach’s previous endeavours but then this feels like his most personal project and in many respects, the most heartfelt.

Johansson and Driver bring the best performances of their careers to date and both will receive nominations for sure and stand a very good chance at bringing home Oscars. Johansson takes a break from the Marvel franchise and it seems that she revels in being Nicole, an actress who longs to return to her native Los Angeles to make TV shows and films. Nicole is deeply passionate about being an active member of the family unit, particularly when it comes to being a mum to their son, Henry. She plays with him for hours on end and constantly rewards him for completing simple and menial tasks. Driver’s Charlie on the other hand resents rewarding his son for going to the toilet and instead wants to instill maturity and push his son to do his homework and work on his skills. What both parents share is an undying love for their child and the mutual understanding that the divorce outcome must be beneficial to Henry’s needs most of all.

As Nicole’s lawyer Nora, Laura Dern is glamorous, unstoppable and manipulative. She swoops in with compliments for Nicole on their first meeting, decked out in a beautiful outfit and sky high heels that become a signature throughout. She is a hugely intimidating character who begins to create a narrative on behalf of Nicole. In the courtroom scene, Nora refuses to back down and the articulation and intelligence that Dern brings to the role is surely going to bring that overdue Oscar. Dern has always been a reliable actress, wowing time and time again but with Marriage Story, she is able command the control of the scenes that she is in. She is truly mesmerising in her speeches and empowering in her confidence.

There are many scenes in this film that caused me to pause and take in the perfection but the big one has to be Nicole and Charlie’s huge argument as they cannot agree. It’s brutal, real and incredibly improvised. What starts as neutral smalltalk soon turns into a hurtful explosion full of abuse hurled at both sides and Nicole and Charlie both rip into each other for their weaknesses and expose the problems in the marriage that had been bubbling the surface and kept from the audience until this point. This honesty soon makes way for the ridiculous as they begin to insult each other for points and it soon ends with Charlie’s meltdown in which he curse Nicole and hopes she is smited with illness before being run over and wishing she was dead. Immediately, he falls to his knees in defeat as he instantly regrets his words and the two apologise. The exhaustion of the scene radiates off the screen. Before this scene, the tension is clearly brewing but both parties delude themselves and pretend everything is ok and can be relatively normal given the circumstance but here we are presented the reason and the breaking of the foundation.

This film subverts the usual divorce storyline in that the characters do not get back together at the end. This isn’t to say it isn’t a happy ending. In fact, both characters are much happier for it and we see the positive outcome and newfound respect that the protagonists have for each other. The end scene being a breath of fresh air in the aftermath of their court session. It’s a film that you cannot help but feel affected. The realism and authentic approach makes it seem like you are watching a real marriage fall apart. The genius of Baumbach’s writing is that he makes you sympathise with one party then the other and then you end up feeling sorry for both and wanting the best for them. Nicole and Charlie have done bad things during the course of their marriage but that does not make them bad people.

I think that Marriage Story will be a film discussed for many years and has revolutionised filmmaking for streaming culture. The film does not make any attempts to blend in nor does it want to be trendy. Baumbach is simply delivering quality cinema and making it accessible for everyone. There is an audience for it and I think a simple film like Marriage Story is a perfect way to break the ice further in the same way Roma did. I would give this film some major awards, particularly for its writing and acting. It’s a well-rounded film that is truly captivating from start to end. You feel that you truly get to know Charlie and Nicole equally throughout.

What do you think of Marriage Story? Let me know in the comments below!

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Hustlers (2019)

One of the most hyped films of the year comes in the form of Lorene Scafaria’s crime drama, Hustlers. Based on the New York Magazine article that follows a group of strippers who drug and con Wall Street men off their money during the 2008 recession. The film stars Constance Wu as Destiny, a former stripper who is interviewed by Elizabeth (Julia Stiles) who is conducting research for her article. Destiny reflects on her rise to the top with the help of veteran stripper, Ramona (Jennifer Lopez) and together they concoct a plan that sees them milking the Wall Street types for all they’re worth. This film could have easily slipped into a male gaze fantasy that sexualises the women and focuses on their bodies rather than their minds and motivations but luckily, with a female director and female majority clue, this film becomes a poignant reflection on the treatment of women and the recklessness of the rich who exploit the poor.

Lorene Scafaria’s direction and script is brilliant with multiple characters receiving plenty of depth and screen time all while keeping it boxed in within the interview narrative. It’s a simple technique to use to detach the audience from the dramatic events in the film. Aside from these glimpses into the future interview, the flashback follows a linear structure and shows the budding relationship between Destiny and Ramona as well as their falling out. The genius of Scafaria’s direction comes in focusing on the faces of the characters rather than their bodies. As Ramona does her opening dance, the screen flits to Destiny who looks on in awe as well as Ramona herself who clearly knows exactly what she’s doing as she writhes in a pile of money. Another brilliant scene is when Destiny grows tired of being interviewed by Elizabeth and switches off her recorder. What follows is a scene of silence to reflect that Destiny is now protected from this woman who has lived such a different life from her. Constance Wu was the perfect choice for Destiny. The difference between her as an aspiring stripper and the uncomfortable woman who has lived through the experiences at the interview is like viewing two different people. Wu doesn’t hold back in her vulnerability. Destiny is clearly a rookie at her job and to see Ramona take her under her wing rather than set her up for failure is something that a film created for the male gaze would not do. This is an authentic view of womanhood and it’s made all the more empowering knowing that it was made by a woman and features a collection of strong female characters.

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I think it’s only right to give Jennifer Lopez her own section. The triple threat truly comes into her own as Destiny’s mentor, Ramona and has subsequently earned multiple major award nominations so far including Golden Globe and SAG nominations for Best Supporting Actress. It’s pretty inevitable that she will receive an Academy Award nomination at this point also and deservedly so. Ramona is presented as ruthless but caring, mentor and mother. She sees herself in Destiny and only wants to give her the best life that she never had. Despite her many flaws, we are drawn to Ramona and we understand why she thinks the way she does despite the danger in her plans. Her experience as a woman of colour who’s livelihood is dependant on the rich white men of Wall Street is shattered as she decides to take these matters into her own hands. Ramona understands that the only way to achieve the American Dream is to rely on oneself rather than lean on an unreliable patriarchy that is all to happy to kick those less fortunate to the curb. The audience doesn’t see Jennifer Lopez. From the first moment she appears on the screen, she is Ramona.

In terms of the supporting cast, we see Keke Palmer, Lili Reinhart, Cardi B and Lizzo popping up on the screen as fellow strippers. It’s great to see a majority collection of strong women of colour in a film that builds them up rather than knocking them down. Their lifestyle isn’t glorified but it isn’t judged either. It simply is. Cardi B was cast due to her past experience as a stripper before hitting the bigtime and Lizzo is cast due to her positive body message that she likes to convey in her music. This proves how important it was to Scafaria that the female cast have confidence and aren’t ashamed of their characters. Hustlers is a brilliant example of a film by women for women. I look forward to seeing what else Scafaria has up her sleeve as well as Lopez’s next acting ventures. It’s a film that brings a spectrum of emotions while remaining true to its message and true to the characters. Hustlers presents us with the argument that not everything is black and white and although openly flawed, the motivations are not to be glorified or judged. These are events that simply happened as a consequence of context.

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The soundtrack is packed with nostalgia as we are truly thrown back to old school hits that range from Janet Jackson to Britney Spears. There’s even a cameo from Usher as the singer was reported to have visited the club. The film becomes elevated by its music. After all, it provides the literal backtrack to the women’s dance so picking the right songs is key. It is cleverly mixed with classical pieces that help to detach those scenes of adrenaline with the more hard-hitting drama. One aspect of the soundtrack that I thought was genius was not including songs by Jennifer Lopez, Cardi B or Lizzo. Despite the idea of an original collab being incredible and Oscar fodder that everyone would eat up, omitting their musical achievements outside of the film allows them to embrace the characters they are and brings the audience to a higher level of relatability and believability.

In a year that has seen many brilliant films written and directed by women, Hustlers is a great insight into the future of female cinema. If you haven’t seen this yet, I highly recommend that you do. As always, let me know what you think of Hustlers in the comments below!

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It’s a Wonderful Life (1946)

The one film that is brought up time and time again during Christmas time and globally known as the Christmas film to watch. Following community hero, George Bailey (James Stewart) during his highs and lows in life, we see him in the lowest moment and guardian angel, Clarence (Henry Travers) shows him what Bedford Falls would be like if Bailey was never born. Directed by Frank Capra, it’s a classic tale about the loved ones you have around you and the love you have for them in return. We follow George falling in love with the beautiful Mary (Donna Reed) which is sparked in one of my favourite scenes in film history as they sing “Buffalo Gals” and talk about lassoing the moon. So what is it about this film that makes it so well loved?

For starters, the feel-good nature of the film is perfect for family viewings, especially around Christmas time. Another appeal is the film’s fearlessness in exploring darker themes such as capitalism, the loss of the American Dream and death by suicide. George Bailey isn’t portrayed as more than the ordinary American man. He is a character of high moral character and this makes his fall from grace even harder to stomach. James Stewart is remarkable as Bailey in what has become the definitive Stewart performance. Albeit a bit awkward when portraying a younger Bailey as he looks so much older but he pulls it off because Bailey himself is a man who is older than his years. Bailey hasn’t been blessed with an easy life as he loses his father at a young age and is forced to take over his father’s business instead of travelling but he takes to it and thrives. His wife, Mary (Donna Reed) does well to keep him grounded and motivated. She has her own strength as she is unafraid to stand up for what she believes in. Mary isn’t as straightforward as the audience would believe. She has a complexity about her when she disappoints her mother by marrying George rather than the successful Sam Wainwright (Frank Albertson) or when she has to deal with remaining in Bedford Falls as George gives their Honeymoon funds away to avoid the bank’s closure. There is a lot of pressure on Mary to support both her husband and the family home, especially in the midst of a crisis. Even when George is angry, she refuses to let him get away with it while at the same time remaining composed and compassionate.

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Onto the sidekick side of things, Henry Travers captures Clarence’s purity perfectly. From his fascination with the stories of Mark Twain to his inability to mask his angel status, Clarence is a beloved character in film. In a community where George is seen as a guiding light, it is only Clarence that can save him from himself. Clarence is completely sympathetic and importantly empathetic with George’s problems. The audience watches the life of George Bailey through the eyes (literally and figuratively) of Clarence. With every classic hero there has to be a villain. This comes in the form of Mr. Potter (Lionel Barrymore) who owns nearly every business in town as well as a large portion of property, meaning that he owns its residents also. He is a depiction of the greed and capitalism that prevents the American Dream and leaves those who long for it struggling for the rest of their lives. He is a miserable old man with no family and friend and is only surrounded by his employees. Where George sees friends, Potter sees customers.

There is something nostalgic about watching this film. Not simply from watching it a thousand times since I was small, but something distant about the simple way of living in Bedford Falls. At its heart, It’s a Wonderful Life is in itself a simple film but it is only made complex when those who dare to dream almost thrive and are then shot down. The lovely touch of including Clarence, an angel who has yet to earn his wings, brings in a bit of magic while Capra’s clever direction keeps the magic to a minimum in a bid to make the film as real as it can be. In some ways, his vision of Potter is reminiscent of Scrooge in A Christmas Carol before he is visited by ghosts. It’s just as beautiful in black and white as well as colour, it will always leave you in tears of laughter and sadness.

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What It’s a Wonderful Life does so well is its neutrality in portraying the ordinary American life but showing the extraordinary achievements that a community can make together. It’s a film about the importance of family, being loved and loving others. There are many aspects from the film that could be brought through to today such as Potter’s ideals. It could be argued that most people live in Pottersville in this day and age. In a time of great challenge, it is nice to watch a film that shows people overcoming the odds. It’s a film that can never date because its a film about humanity and the chasing of dreams. I would forever argue that this is the best Christmas film because there is no grandeur in it and no attempt to be a big shot and big budget superstar film. It is a humble story of how one man’s life touches that of his family, friends and the community at large. George is a small piece of a much larger puzzle and it is only when he realises his own self-worth that he recognises the ability to pull the community together to stop Potter from destroying the town with greed.

What do you think about It’s a Wonderful Life? Let me know in the comments below!

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Quentin Tarantino: Film Ranking

If you asked a group of people for their favourite living filmmaker, there is a strong chance that a large percentage of them will say the name: Quentin Tarantino. One of the greatest and most original minds to come out of the film industry in the history of film, Tarantino practically defined 90s cinema with his look into the gangster underworld of Los Angeles. His films are known for their strong use of language, gratuitous violence and the iconic writing style that Tarantino brings to his dialogue. The owner of two Best Original Screenplay Oscars (for Pulp Fiction and Django Unchained), he has yet to win a Best Director gong. With the release of this year’s Once Upon a Time in Hollywood, could this be another successful awards season for Tarantino?

Tarantino had always stated that he intended to make 10 features. Counting Kill Bill as one, Once Upon a Time in Hollywood would be his ninth and, therefore, penultimate picture. I thought it would be a great celebration of his work to revisit his films old and new and see how I would stack them up when compared to each other.

Here are the reviews for the films of Quentin Tarantino:

Reservoir Dogs (1992)

Possibly one of the most (if not the most) iconic debuts ever to be delivered by a filmmaker, Reservoir Dogs follows a group of men who are given colour code names such as Mr. Orange and Mr. Brown and their attempt to carry out a diamond heist. A pretty simple plot but the genius of the film comes from Tarantino’s decision to not show the heist itself. What we are presented with is the run-up to the heist and it’s consequences when it goes wrong. Featuring a brilliant cast including Harvey Keitel, Michael Madsen and Tim Roth. My favourite performance comes from Steve Buscemi who plays the fearfully paranoid Mr. Pink. Among the men, Pink is clearly the outsider from the beginning when he refuses to give the waitress a tip. The script may seem simple but it is anything but. There is a rhythm and style that would come to define a Tarantino feature such as extensive allegories and numerous pop culture references. The soundtrack for this film has also become somewhat of a legend in its own right and has become a reference point for a lot of modern filmmakers. Tarantino himself claims that this film is the closest to being a “perfect” film which although I see the argument for, I would say that he has managed to make even better films. It would be a shame to think that his first film was his best.

Pulp Fiction (1994)

If you had to say one film that defines the 1990s, I think the majority of people would say Pulp Fiction. From the iconic poster design, extreme violence and brilliant dialogue, Pulp Fiction catapulted Tarantino to the top of the A list, winning him the Palme d’Or at Cannes Film Festival as well as an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay. Starring John Travolta and Samuel L. Jackson as suave hitmen Vincent Vega and Jules Winnifield who work for drug lord Marsellus Wallace (Ving Rhames) and his cocaine-addicted wife, Mia (Uma Thurman in her most recognisable role). Pulp Fiction is bigger and better than its predecessor with an even more starry cast, bigger budget and killer direction. Even 25 years on, it is still commonly referenced for its costumes and standout scenes such as Jules’ biblical recitation before blowing the brains out of a man who attempted to double-cross Wallace. It is undoubtedly Jackson who is the shining star of this gangster masterpiece as he brings his trademark attitude. You know you did a great job when the person who beat you to the Oscar says that you should have won. There’s a reason why Pulp Fiction marked the start of the iconic collaborations between Tarantino and Jackson. Their love of action, violence and strong language makes the perfect pairing. Besides every time Jackson is onscreen, my favourite scene is Christopher Walken’s iconic monologue as Captain Koons, an Army veteran who survived the war and is gifting his son, Butch (Chandler Lindauer and Brue Willis playing the younger and older versions, respectively) his prized watch. Only Walken could deliver the monologue with the sincerity and conviction that his does.

Jackie Brown (1997)

Jackie Brown is one of those films that finds itself among the top of people’s favourite Tarantino films or worst. Sadly, it is among the bottom of my list but not because it is a bad film by any means. It is simply because of its nature as an adaptation. When I watch a Tarantino, I want to see the usual quirks in the dialogue which I think isn’t there as much as other films. Following Pam Grier as the titular air stewardess who becomes embroiled in a smuggling scandal, Tarantino relies on a great cast to carry out this complex web and pulls it off which include Samuel L. Jackson with a fantastic haircut. Known for her starring roles in Blaxploitation flicks, Grier herself is amazing and had such a powerful presence onscreen. She doesn’t just give a great performances, she becomes Jackie. It’s one of my favourite performances in the Tarantino catalogue but I just feel that there are elements such as the odd pacing that let the film as a whole down. It would be nice to see Tarantino reunite with Grier on a new project, perhaps his 10th (and supposedly last) feature. The film is grounded in reality a bit more than the others and I think the fact that any director could have made this film is why it ranks low. When I watch a Tarantino film, I want it to be distinctively Tarantino but I don’t get that from this film and as previously stated, I think that comes from the fact that it is an adaptation. The man thrives from his originality and it’s what the audience loves.

Kill Bill: Volume 1 (2003)

I remember watching Kill Bill for the first time and being blown away by the strength of the protagonist. The film follows the vengeful ex-assassin The Bride who seeks revenge on her former colleagues when they kill her wedding rehearsal party on the orders of Bill, the man who runs the group. Kill Bill is intended to be watched as one film but due to running length was divided into two volumes. The first volume is seen as the Eastern installment as The Bride ventures to Japan to face the first assassin O-Ren Oshii (Lucy Liu). There are so many reasons why my love for this film is unequivocal such as the clear appreciation for Japanese cinema and culture, the amazing use of animation within the film and most of all, the wide abundance of fleshed out female characters. This film is known for its extreme violence and high body count but don’t let this put you off. Playing the woman who lost everything, including her unborn baby, Thurman’s performance is undeniably ruthless, unapologetic and emotionally charged to the max. Even though she seems unbreakable and unemotional on the surface but you sense her pain underneath the surface from the opening scene with Vernita Green (Vivica A. Fox). Tarantino uses various elements such as sound mixing and colour giving the film its flamboyance and elevating it beyond realism and into fantasy.

Kill Bill: Volume 2 (2004)

Following on from Vol 1, Kill Bill: Vol 2 takes us back to America where the Bride has the second half of her list left to kill in the form of Bill’s failure of a brother, Budd (Michael Madsen), the merciless Elle Driver (Daryl Hannah) and Bill himself (David Carradine). This installment has a larger focus on the Bride’s background before the massacre took place and her journey to becoming an assassin. I love how both films have become a genre of their own. The body count may be a fraction of its predecessor but it still includes some of the most terrifying scenes in film (insert buried alive segment here) and is captivating in its own way. We see the Bride’s emotional journey and her guard slips as she makes some unexpected discoveries in her quest for blood. I think that together, Kill Bill makes for a fantastic saga and would definitely be among my favourite films of the 21st century so far.

Death Proof (2007)

I know there are some people that wouldn’t put Death Proof in the list due to it being part of a two-part feature titled Grindhouse with fellow director and friend, Robert Rodriguez directing Planet Terror (2007). Death Proof is a Texan action led by Kurt Russell as a stuntman who murders women with his car. The film is split into two parts with one group of women’s fates determined the first half and another group in the second half. Death Proof is often viewed as Tarantino’s worst and it is but it’s not a bad film. It is entertaining and Russell is brilliant as the killer in the “death-proof” car. It’s not as complex as other Tarantino films and doesn’t perhaps have the gumption or wow factor that the others have. That being said, for what it wants to be, it delivers in spades. The soundtrack is great and Rose McGowan and Mary Elizabeth Winstead are great in their roles as Pam and Lee, respectively. It’s pretty great that Tarantino and Rodriguez cast McGowan in a leading role in both films to spite Harvey Weinstein for what he did to her. McGowan shines in both films and it would be great to see her make a return to films in roles as amazing as the Grindhouse duo.

Inglourious Basterds (2009)

The first Tarantino film I watched and boy was it a great pick. Undoubtedly one of the best opening scenes in film history, Tarantino manages to create tension with a glass of milk. The film is a reimagining of Nazi-occupied France during the war with Brad Pitt playing Aldo Raine who leads a group of men known as “The Basterds” who are set on killing Nazis and collecting their scalps. Inglourious Basterds also includes what I would argue is Tarantino’s best character today in the erringly charismatic SS Officer, Hans Landa. Played spectacularly by Christoph Waltz in a role that would see him in his Hollywood breakthrough and take home every Supporting Actor Award including the Cannes Film Festival, BAFTA and the Academy Award. Landa is a character who commands your attention. He’s despicable and manipulative, the sociopathic changes are intriguing to watch such as him loving his nickname “Jew Hunter” in the opening scene when intimidating a local farmer, to despising the name when realising that the Nazis are set on losing the war. His motives and outlook can never be understood because he is such a whirlwind character. He seems to take his job seriously one moment then not at all the next and flits the fate of others with ease, not finding it difficult to kill if he sees fit. I don’t think there’s a character that has unsettled a global audience as much as Hans Landa has and yet you long for him to be on the screen because the character is so engaging. Tarantino’s screenwriting is possibly his best, which he clearly knows from the final frame when Aldo looks into the camera and says “this might be my masterpiece”.

Django Unchained (2012)

Bringing his love for spaghetti westerns to the frontline for this Civil War epic, Tarantino’s 3 hour Django Unchained follows Jamie Foxx as the titular character and his quest to find his wife Broomhilda (Kerry Washington) in the Deep South were slavery is very much a thriving business. With the help of bounty hunter Dr King Schultz (Christoph Waltz), Django’s adventure sees Tarantino using an endless amount of fake blood and a controversial multitude of n-words throughout which faced criticism from individuals such as Spike Lee. I do think this is a film plagued with indulgence and excess in its violence, language and numerous endings but it does have very strong points. The cast are perfect in their roles particularly Christoph Waltz as Schultz and Leonardo DiCaprio as plantation owner Calvin Candie. Waltz is charismatic and charming as a man set on freeing slaves and hunting killers and would go on to win a second Best Supporting Actor gong although I personally think his role is a lead not supporting performance. DiCaprio’s performance on the other side is chilling and captivating as he relishes in torturing the slaves.

The Hateful Eight (2015)

Concluding the western trilogy in Tarantino’s catalogue, we venture to Wyoming in the aftermath of the Civil War. There’s a heavy blizzard and eight murderous brutes are trapped in Minnie’s Haberdashery including the honourable John “The Hangman” Ruth (Kurt Russell), country hunter Major Marquis Warren (Samuel L. Jackson) and a career-best from Jennifer Jason Leigh as the disgustingly brilliant Daisy Domergue who John is bringing to Red Rock to hang. Like all Tarantino films, this one is also a mash-up of genres. It is primarily western but is also murder mystery, comedy and thriller. The film’s composer, Ennio Morricone stated that he wrote the score for a horror film which would end up being the film’s strongest point and leading to Morricone’s long-awaited Oscar. It’s a truly brilliant soundtrack and elevates the rhythm of the dialogue which is so important in the moments of extreme tension. Tarantino’s writing is tight and every character has been fleshed out, admittedly some more than others, but each one is memorable in their own way. It’s an interesting inclusion and the film shows a maturity in Tarantino’s filmmaking. There is violence, granted, as expected but Tarantino is more focused on his script and positioning of characters than the actual violence.

Once Upon a Time in Hollywood (2019)

I have already written an extensive review on this one (which you can read here) so I won’t go into too much detail. What I will say is that it has a very good chance of scoring some nominations and potential wins going into awards season. It’s nice seeing Tarantino returning to California for his penultimate film and it seems like a film that he was destined to make. The personal touches are definitely here in what seems to be a return to the place where he grew up.

So we’re all up to date and I eagerly await to see what Tarantino has up his sleeve for his tenth and supposed final feature. Undoubtedly, it will be one of the biggest events in film history with actors and crew members alike clambering at the chance to work with him. There’s only one Tarantino and there certainly won’t be another director like him again.

With all that said and done, here is my final ranking:

1) Kill Bill: Volume 1 (2003)

2) Inglourious Basterds (2009)

3) Reservoir Dogs (1992)

4) Pulp Fiction (1994)

5) Kill Bill: Volume 2 (2004)

6) Once Upon a Time in Hollywood (2019)

7) The Hateful Eight (2015)

8) Django Unchained (2012)

9) Jackie Brown (1997)

10) Death Proof (2007)

I know it’s probably shocking having Kill Bill: Volume 1 at the top, but there is something incredibly empowering to me seeing a female character leading a blockbuster four hour saga. I hope people refer back to this when people claim that audiences don’t want to see women in film.

Which Tarantino is your favourite? Let me know in the comments below!

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Paul Thomas Anderson: Film Ranking

Paul Thomas Anderson is known for his experimental and fearless quest into exploring characters in ways that are unflinching and at times, uncomfortable.

With the exception of last place (I really struggle with the age-gap in the relationship), I’ve watched these films multiple times and some of them are among my favourite films of all time.

Here’s my ranking for the filmography of Paul Thomas Anderson:

  1. The Master (2012)
  2. There Will Be Blood (2007)
  3. One Battle After Another (2025)
  4. Boogie Nights (1997)
  5. Phantom Thread (2017)
  6. Magnolia (1999)
  7. Inherent Vice (2014)
  8. Punch-Drunk Love (2002)
  9. Hard Eight (1996)
  10. Licorice Pizza (2021)

Which PTA film is your favourite film? Let me know in the comments below!

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The Red Shoes (1948)

This technicolour wonderland is one of the best (if not the best!) film in the history of British cinema. Directed by Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger, It’s become known as a masterpiece and is constantly an inspiration for many artists alike and with good reason. Following Victoria Page (Moira Shearer), a ballerina who joins a troupe as the lead in the new ballet The Red Shoes. She begins to find a conflict between her professional relationship with the insufferable genius, Boris Lermontov (Anton Walbrook) and a personal romantic relationship with the troupe’s composer, Julian Craster (Marius Goring). Soon enough, the ballet of The Red Shoes begins to seep into Victoria’s reality and she is eventually broken down by the idealisations that are expected of her. This is a film that breaks the boundaries of the filmmaking experience. It’s very premise of the ballet within the reality of the film soon becomes blurred and the tone of the film changes from a basic aspirational drama to a psychological thriller. Inspired by the Hans Christian Anderson fairytale but given an original makeover by The Archers (as Powell and Pressburger were collectively known), this film delves into the dark side that fairytales ventured into which is a contrast to the Disney films that were dominating the global market. Even 70 years on, the topics in the film feel just as relevant today.

The Archers’ brilliant direction and script effectively contrast the freedom of dance with the claustrophobia and obsession with perfection. Nothing sums this film up more perfectly than Vicky and Boris’ first exchange:

Lermontov: Why do you want to dance?

Vicky: Why do you want to live?

Lermontov: Well, I don’t know exactly why, er, but I must.

Vicky: That’s my answer too.

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Dancing gives Vicky the freedom that she craves but unbeknownst to her in the beginning that the freedom she “gains” from dancing for Lermontov is merely his vision. He is the puppet master pulling the strings. As Vicky grows closer to Julian and begins to finesse her own skills, she begins to resist and she finds herself no longer wanting to dance but unable to rid herself of the red shoes. The ballet sequence in which we see Vicky encapsulate her character and venture into the nightmare world of the dance is horrific. Her own emotions have merged with the character. Her dancing has become her life force. Then there’s the conflict she has between Julian who is an aspiring musician who is working for pennies and has the freedom to create the material he wants and then Lermontov who requires strict control over the whole operation. I think it is to Powell and Pressburger’s credit that they manage to succeed in creating three entirely different yet well-rounded characters who all have their motives and flaws. It’s a film that feels progressive even now and doesn’t belong to a particular time. It’s reluctance to slot into a specific genre is also reflective of this as it is a drama, thriller, horror, dance piece all in one.

I think that Shearer’s performance is one of my favourites in any film. She shines as Vicky and really brings out the talent and the grandeur of the role. Despite her privilege (we first see her sat in a private box watching the ballet), Vicky shows her natural passion and talent which impresses Lermontov who initially dismisses her because of her background. Despite Vicky’s flair for ballet, she is still an outsider as her fellow dancers clearly do not have the luxuries that she has. No scene depicts this better than when she thinks she is going to dinner and is dressed to the nines complete with a tiara, only to find the men running the ballet planning the next production in casual attire. Vicky is by no means a perfect individual either. She throws a tantrum when she is unable to keep up with Julian’s tempo during rehearsal. Vicky and Julian’s relationship develops as they realise that they are two sides of the same coin which Lermontov despises. The complexities of Lermontov’s character makes him one of my favourite “villains” film history. His obsession dehumanises those around him, none more so than prima ballerina, Irina Boronskaya (Ludmilla Tchérina) who is abandoned by Lermontov when she announces her engagement. The people around Lermontov are dehumanised puppets where his ambitions must become their ambitions. The moment there is any hint of a life outside the ballet, they are exonerated and in Lermontov’s eyes, they never even existed. His unapologetic way of life is challenged by Vicky and the climatic scene shows a crack in the façade as he breaks down onstage and forces the production to commence without her. The vision becomes empty and the audience gazes at a moving spotlight as it flutters around the stage where Vicky should be.

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The music composed by Brian Easdale is nothing short of extraordinary and it effortlessly dances the line between the ballet production and the film reality until eventually both worlds merge into one. The music used in the production of The Red Shoes is spectacular with the church scene in particular remaining a highlight for me. I get chills every time I watch that segment and hear the constant bell as the lead is abandoned and left to die. Jack Cardiff’s choreography for the film is a perfect marriage for the score and the two sail on through the film and set the pace. These components are representative of Julian and Vicky’s talents and the importance of the part that they play into the film cannot be unrecognised. One of my favourite aspects of the film is Hein Heckroth‘s costumes designs. The moment when Vicky’s costume for the ballet of The Red Shoes is revealed is breathtaking and it’s one of my favourite costumes in film. Not to mention the incredible costumes that Vicky wears throughout and the clothes designed by Carven for Irina are exceptional.

My love for this film grows with every view and even thinking about it now, it’s incredible how much it has shaped my taste in film and been such a huge influence in my creativity. It’s such a beautiful film that deserves more than one watch and I think it should be on every film lover’s watch list if they haven’t already seen it. It truly deserves its masterpiece status and remains an important part of cinema history.

What do you think of The Red Shoes? Let me know in the comments below!