When watching Dario Argento’s horror classic Suspiria (1977) and its thematic sequel Inferno (1980), it’s understandable that the mind would instantly capture the bright cinematography and bloody violence that occurs throughout the film. What Argento doesn’t receive credit for, however, is the portrayal of its female protagonists, Suzy Bannion (Jessica Harper) and Rose Elliot (Irene Miracle). Both characters are artists with Suzy a student a prestigious ballet school and Rose an aspiring poet. Both find themselves living within the confines that house demonic and powerful witches who create darkness and chaos and delight in killing and torture. I love both of these films (I have written reviews on both which you can read here and here) with both leaving a lasting impact on how I view horror films. The writing is fantastic and the cinematography is highly creative but it was the portrayal of these women thrown into impossible circumstance and their determination and strength that stood out to me. Compared with the trend of horror films at the time where we see women portrayed as the damsel in distress and in need of a man to save them, Argento omits men almost entirely in Suspiria and the protagonist, Mark in Inferno is far from the traditional “strong men” that you tend to see in films.
Starting with Suspiria, Argento’s big breakthrough into English-language horror was a technicolour masterpiece filled to the brim with fake blood and guts. Following aspiring dancer Suzy, a new student at a prestigious dance school, as she begins to investigate mysterious disappearances of other students and staff alike. We first see Suzy leaving the airport in Freiberg into a torrential storm. The cuts and use of music when the automatic doors of the exit are opening and closing brings that otherworldly atmosphere to the film. Her introduction to the staff sees her intervene in an interview with the police when they enquire about a missing girl. What transpires is an environment in which Suzy becomes even more of an outsider than before as her bids to fit in make her stand out to the witches that run the academy. Naturally, Suzy is reluctant to believe the stories that her friend Sara tells her but as people begin disappearing one by one, Suzy becomes resourceful and finishes the mission that Sara started. Suspiria only has a handful of male characters with the bulk of the cast being made up of the female staff and students.
Rose Elliot in Inferno is much like Suzy in her ways. The film opens with her reading about The Three Mothers, three witches who use their dark powers to control the world. She is warned off the subject by a male antiquarian but she goes ahead with her investigation regardless. What follows is a fantastic scene in which Rose dives into a pool to retrieve a lost necklace. Upon swimming into a corpse, she is understandably frightened but still pushes on with her investigation and writes to her brother Mark, asking him to return to New York to help her. Rose’s mission doesn’t end happily and Mark ends up getting the credit but his findings are based on his sister’s research without whom he wouldn’t have figured out the mystery. Rose’s contribution to the film can be felt throughout despite her absence in the second half. Her character also seems more developed and intriguing than Mark which is odd for a genre that (at the time) excluded strong women from their narrative.
Both women are also artistic as discussed before and their talents not only add to their character development but these skills assist them in desperate times. Suzy’s curious nature inspires the witch to attempt a physical injury by inflicting a hemorrhage on her during class causing her to become bedridden. This fails to slow down her investigation, however, and the loss of best friend Sara inspires her to get to the bottom of things. The same could be said of Rose whose love of books and research adds to her observant nature and her ability to attune her focus on figuring out who owns the building.
I really enjoy both performances because the characters don’t come across as reliant even when they ask for help. They are indifferent to the male heroes we see in horror films. Argento also doesn’t sexualise the protagonists which is refreshing to see as women in horror are usually subject to appearing in demeaning scenes such as unnecessary nudity and rape scenes. There’s a reason why his films are timeless and even watching now they feel current and progressive, showcasing his real talent for filmmaking.
What do you think of Argento as a filmmaker? Which film of his is your favourite? Let me know in the comments below!
Over the past few years, live viewings of National Theatre productions have increased in popularity with sold out screens all over the globe. Admittedly, I have never attended (mainly due to the price) but when I saw that Phoebe Waller-Bridge’s brilliant one-woman show Fleabag was going to be screened live from the Wyndham’s Theatre, I knew I had to go. As an avid fan of the show and Waller-Bridge, I have been counting down the days to see this and I was wasn’t disappointed. Fleabag follows a young woman as she navigates a life filled with heartbreak, relationships and a lot of sex. She is the sole owner of a guinea-pig themed café after her best friend, Boo, accidentally-on-purpose commits suicide. This run of performances marks Waller-Bridge’s last venture as her iconic creation and all tickets sold out within minutes making it one of the most anticipated theatre trips of the year. Sadly, I was unable to get tickets but I took this opportunity to see it immediately as I knew I would regret it instantly.
Fleabag herself is gritty to the extreme. She’s unfiltered, unapologetic and always thinking and talking about sex but she’s also complex, smart and relatable. I think this is why the character is universally loved. The character is a brilliantly rounded portrayal of the 21st century woman. A true modern feminist hero (even if in one hilarious slip, she admits that she would trade 5 years of her life for the “so-called perfect body”). She’s brutally honest, hilarious and riddled with bad habits such as excessive drinking, smoking and masturbating while her partner sleeps beside her. It’s as if Fleabag breaks every rule in the book and is a walking taboo.
Waller-Bridge’s script and Vicky Jones’ direction are impeccable. Every move and expression is calculated and enhancing the dialogue. It’s compact and tight with every segment executed perfectly. The setting is minimalist to the extreme, Fleabag and a chair in centre stage but the performance Waller-Bridge brings is anything but. Dressed in a red jumper and jeans, Waller-Bridge transports us to various locations around London, acting out different characters such as her sister, a job interviewer and regular café customer, Joe. I was interested to see if I would be as invested when watching it on a screen rather than in the theatre itself and I found myself transfixed. The camera work was brilliant and the sound was impeccable.
Compared to the BBC series, the stage production is grittier and sadder than its counterpart. The first episode covers the show with the revelation of the first season finale so a lot is added into the TV series. Fleabag seems even more unfiltered and unhinged in the stage production which I didn’t think was possible and it was great to see some familiar moments that I recognised from the show.
I wasn’t too sure what to expect but it was a brilliant experience and I hope to go to many more National Theatre productions. The atmosphere was great and everyone in the theatre audience and cinema audience were completely invested in her story. I expected to laugh which I did in abundance but I wasn’t expecting to cry as much as I did. A heartbreaking segment with Fleabag and Hilary, the café’s mascot guinea pig, is horrific to watch and brought an array of gasps and tears from both sets of audiences. There’s an encore screening in October and I recommend that you book tickets as soon as possible. It’s a brilliant and refreshing piece of theatre that shows how a simple production can create a complex experience.
As Summer is coming to an end, I thought it would be apt to write a post on my favourite film of the season. Unsurprisingly enough, it comes in the form of a summertime nightmare with Ari Aster’s second feature Midsommar. Following on from his brilliant debut, Hereditary (2018), Aster has managed to surpass expectations and once again brings us a new and refreshing take on traditional horror. The film follows college student, Dani (Florence Pugh) who joins her boyfriend, Christian (Jack Reynor) and his friends: Mark (Will Poulter), Josh (William Jackson Harper) and Pelle (Vilhelm Blomgren) on a trip to Sweden to observe a rare festival among Pelle’s familial commune. Things quickly turn sour as members of the group begin to disappear without a trace. It’s easy enough to expect a film in the same vein as The Wicker Man when introduced to the pagan style life the commune leads in the Swedish woods.
Florence Pugh’s leading turn only helps to further push her presence as an actress to watch. Dani is one of the most complex female characters to arise from modern cinema. We see her shift from the Westernised world that she lives in where there is no hope for her to the cult where she begins to feel belonging. It’s a haunting portrayal of depression and anxiety and is shown in an explicit way that hasn’t been explored before. The events in the film happen due to other’s people actions but they are always directly in relation to Dani and her welfare. Pugh’s acting chops are really highlighted in the dance scene where she becomes so absorbed in the competition that she finds herself speaking Swedish fluently with her competitors. The scene is transformative for Dani as she allows herself to be open to the ceremony and the community.
The supporting cast also knock it out the park with their performances. Will Poulter in particular gives a career best as the ignorant Mark, who literally and figuratively pisses all over the commune’s celebrations. Whereas Dani’s demons are hidden below the surface, the male characters’ flaws are on show for all to see. Whereas Dani is ridiculed for her struggles in US, the tables are turned for the men in the commune as women dominate the landscape. The film’s goriest scenes are mainly at the cost of the ignorant visitors and yet it doesn’t feel like a slasher film. The audience, like the characters, are outsiders but they are invading the ceremony and evoke little sympathy from the audience because of their ignorance and greed. Jack Reynor also excels as Dani’s emotionally distant boyfriend, Chris. He has allowed himself to become so detached to Dani that he acts emotionless and unsympathetic when tragedy strikes at the beginning of the film. He is unwilling to see how wrong he treats her as she struggles to fight for his love and repair things. During the film, we see Christian’s confidence shaken as he becomes targeted by the cult.
As expected, Aster’s script and direction showcase his talent as an original voice in film and his fearless approach to filmmaking. He isn’t afraid to explore taboo subjects or make the audience uncomfortable. One such scene is during an ättestupa ceremony where two elderly people jump from a high cliff. Aster doesn’t allow the camera to turn away as we see the bodies hit the ground. The reactions that Dani and co feel become all the more real because Aster forces the audience to experience it as well. It’s a film that demands the attention in details from its audience. Every aspect of the costumes and set have been well thought out and serve a purpose that pay off later in the film. The use of striking visual sets make it a memorable film and the immaculate beauty of the cult’s village make the strict lifestyle all the more terrifying. I think this film shows a growth in directorial vision from Aster’s standpoint as he really allows the audience to get into Dani’s psyche. The true brilliance of this film is Aster’s ability to contrast Dani’s claustrophobic feelings to the open space that the commune live in so effectively.
Another aspect I loved about the film was the use of costumes. Not only the ethereal and fresh qualities the commune colours have which seem refreshing when we first see the village. The standout costume, however, comes in a brilliant floral creation worn by Dani in the films final scenes. In any other film, it would seem ridiculous but it makes sense in this film. It both stands out and blends in at the same time and plays a big role in the terrifying climatic scene.
If it were up to me, this film would be a safe contender for various mainstream awards but I am aware that it is too violent and “out there” for some. It is not a film for the faint of heart or easily offended. Between the subtle cannibalism, male frontal nudity and graphic sex scenes, this isn’t a comfortable film to watch but that is what makes it such a brilliant piece of cinema.
What did you think of the film? Did you like it as much? What was your film of the summer? Let me know in the comments below!
I won’t give away too much of the specific plot away in my review but the basic storyline is new owner Bonnie creates a toy out of trash, Forky, who becomes her favourite toy but he longs to be back with the trash. When the family take a road trip, Forky jumps out the window to become trash meaning Woody has to go collect him and bring him back to Bonnie. The film is then set in a quaint little town that has a travelling carnival visiting and Pixar makes use of this inclusion with aplomb. Pixar studio always said that they would only go ahead with Toy Story 4 if the story was necessary. When they announced that the film was in production (and despite the high quality of each Toy Story film), I couldn’t help doubting whether a fourth installment really was necessary since the third one rounded the franchise off nicely. I am glad to say that there was no need to be in doubt at all. I think that the UK marketing team for Pixar did a brilliant job of not actually giving away too much of the plot which made the film all the more enjoyable to watch and also surprising.
It goes without saying that Tom Hanks and Tim Allen do a fantastic job in their iconic roles as Woody and Buzz, respectively but there are also a great array of new characters that are brought into the fold. My favourite character is the aforementioned Forky. Everything about this little guy is hilarious from how he looks to his physicality to the way he talks and socialises with other toys. He is a fantastic little addition to the Toy Story family and honestly it’s been hilarious seeing how many toys Disney have made of him for extortinate prices despite the fact that his character was literally made from items from a bin. Other characters introduced in this film include Bunny and Ducky, voiced by comedy duo Jordan Peele and Keegan-Michael Key who are also great additions. They are adorable plush teddies who have been waiting three years to be won at the carnival fair. The last toy inclusion to mention is Duke Kaboom, a Canadian action figure voiced by Keanu Reeves. He is a hilarious and sensitive character who speaks passionately about his past owner, Rijon, who got rid of him. We also see the reintroduction of an old toy in this film. Bringing back Bo Peep who has been given a makeover into a strong heroine is a long cry away from her shy, lovestruck self in the first two Toy Story films and has been the cause of complaint to some but rest assured it is done fantastically and subtly to the point where it makes sense with her own storyline. It’s also great for Pixar to show the contextual progression where female characters don’t have to be passive love interests. Bo Peep does a lot of the rescuing in this film and it’s treated no differently to when male characters take action.
It’s easy to imagine that with the addition of so many characters that they don’t have their chance for character growth but the writers have done a great job with balancing this out. Forky and Bo Peep are given the most space for character growth since their stories are central to the plot whereas Ducky, Bunny and Duke are used as comic relief so only their backstories are given. Knowing the importance of the toys in the specific film means that the audience isn’t crammed with too many plotlines that they can’t keep up with. With their being so many new and different characters, it does mean that all of Bonnie’s toys (with the exception of Woody, Buzz and arguably Jessie) may as well have not been brought on the road trip. When Bonnie loses Forky, she doesn’t care that she has numerous other (non-trash made) toys in the RV. They’re just there in the background for the whole film. They didn’t even need to bring in a replacement for Mr. Potatohead as they recycled old lines said by Don Rickles in previous films. This isn’t a bad thing necessarily but it does mean that their importance has been faded out in this (supposedly) final installment. There were many scenes that I enjoyed in this film but if I had to pick one, I would say when Woody and Forky are having their heart to heart after Forky jumps out the RV. Woody tries to make Forky understand the importance of his role as a toy which means Forky has the realisation that he is “Bonnie’s trash”. It’s one of those heart-warming scenes injected with humour which have become synonymous with the Toy Story franchise. Also, any scene with Duke Kaboom in because he is absolutely hilarious and his backstory was heartbreaking to watch.
Another thing to talk about is how amazing the animation is, in particular Bo Peep. The shine and reflective effect of her porcelein is an incredible development from the first film. It makes her look eerie at times but more delicate as well (she is porcelein after all!). When you look back to how she appeared in the first film, the animation doesn’t compare. I’m not dissing the first film because it achieved so much at the time of its release in regards to animation, but celebrating the achievements made since then and seeing that transformation in the span of 24 years is incredible. Also the textures of the plushes and ventriloquist dummies that appear in this film are equally fantastic.
I think that Toy Story 4 was well worth the wait and seemed like the true ending for the franchise. I think it will go on to win the Best Animated Feature at the Oscars next year (to be honest, it’s rare that a Disney film doesn’t win this) and I think it will date well as a film. I think what makes it work so well is that even though it follows on from the trilogy and the franchise, there is a different feel to it altogether because they’re not Andy’s toys anymore. With a new owner comes new changes and this opened up a door for new storylines and motives.
“Many of my movies have strong female leads- brave, self-sufficient girls that don’t think twice about fighting for what they believe with all their heart. They’ll need a friend, or a supporter, but never a savior. Any woman is just as capable of being a hero as any man.”
Hayao Miyazaki
“I do not make films primarily for children. I make them for the child in all of us, whether he be six or sixty. Call the child innocence.”
Walt Disney
I have previously written a post on Studio Ghibli giving a brief overview on why I love their films so much (you can read that here) as well as a post on women’s voice in film and the importance of strong female characters and female filmmakers (which you can read here). Thinking about these two posts separately merged together in my mind because some of the strongest female protagonists in film can be found in the offerings from Studio Ghibli. The characters are mainly young girls who are thrown into situations that test their strength and maturity, each time providing us with realistic and organic character growth. In a climate where women behind and in front of the camera is being looked at under a microscopic lens with every line and gesture analysed by critics and audience alike, Studio Ghibli feels like a pioneer that has been pulling off the strong female character for decades. Admittedly, behind the camera, there are little to no women at the top of the board. No woman has ever directed or written a Ghibli film; however, their strong female characters have been gracing our screen ever since the release of Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind in 1984. As I previously mentioned, no woman has ever directed or written a Ghibli film so there is room for improvement and diversity at the top but what we have been presented with thus far seems to be a more diverse and varied on the female perspective in an environment where their strength doesn’t feel forced. Miyazaki’s statement above appears to read as a mantra or a basis for creating his female characters. In three sentences he has already captured an image of an individual who can fight but is also capable of sensitivity and equality among her peers. His definition of strength being “brave” and “self-sufficient” shows how a strong character doesn’t come from difficult physical activity necessarily but from following what you believe and fighting for that as well as pointing out the importance of female independence. It’s unrealistic to imagine a strong female character who in the end can’t even look after herself because she’s a woman.
You may be wondering why I have also included a Walt Disney quote above. Well aside from the fact that Disney distribute the Ghibli films in America, I think that Ghibli follow the same ethos as Disney in this respect by using young characters to make the films aspirational for children and inspirational for adults. Ghibli films are more dense than Disney films and are fearless in exploring darker issues such as war and death in a way that translates well to a global audience of all ages. The “child innocence” that Disney is talking about is a willingness to use film as a medium to discuss the bigger issues which I think Ghibli achieves effortlessly. My favourite film¸ Castle in the Sky (1986) veers on the more childish side of their films and yet it is one of the more mature topically, looking at the issues of man vs nature and corruption in authority as well as incorporating antiheroes and villains disguised as heroes. Ghibli never patronises the audience and yet is perfectly watchable for young children whilst never feeling like a lecture for its older audience. In regards to “child innocence”, Ghibli are showing young girls specifically that they are capable of being the hero without needing a man to save them. It may seem trivial to ingrain this belief into the mind of a four year old but the films we watch as young children tend to follow and influence our own morals as we grow up.
I think it’s also important to note the consistent high standard that the films themselves hold. Of course some have received mixed or negative reviews but the majority of offerings (particularly those from Miyazaki and Takahata) have been embraced as modern classics with Spirited Away (2002) winning the studio the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature. I think they hold an important part of film, not only in the animation world, but in general because it is so rare that a non-English studio has such a huge global following in the West which is a huge achievement. Their stories translate well globally no matter how bizarre the stories and the creatures in them may seem and it is because of that relatibility that the female characters have specifically. Their bravery and independence are a welcoming break from the usual Hollywood heartbreak/makeup trope that the female audience is overly familiar with.
“Brave”
Bravery comes in many forms in the Ghibli universe. There are the female characters who act as traditional heroes such as Nausicaä in Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind and San in Princess Mononoke (1997) who protect their families and environment from the evil threat of mankind who aims to destroy nature. Nausicaä is a dystopian film based in a post-apocalyptic world where humans live in small villages and giant insects rule large vasts of land and jungles. Nausicaä is the princess of her village and has the ability to communicate with the insects and aims to make peace with them. Despite their supposed roles as enemies, Nausicaä understands the bigger picture and uses her influence and morals to fight against those who want to burn the jungle. Princess Mononoke is a Medieval film that follows a young prince called Ashitaka who is cursed by a Boar God after he kills it. He encounters wolf God Moro and his companion, the human San (also known as Princess Mononoke) and together they fight the industrial Irontown, a small village that is dangerously mining into the forest of the Gods, killing the nature as they go. Both films are set in opposite time spans and yet they tell almost the same story. Both women have an outsider male companion who acts as a sidekick and supporter without ever overshadowing the female. Although both films do hint at couplings, there is nothing inherently overtly sexual or forced, San is particularly uncomfortable with being physically close to Ashitaka at first. Both films delve into technology and war. Even Princess Mononoke, set in Medieval Japan, has weapons that feel oddly futuristic in the form of large iron harpoons made from the materials from the mine whereas Nausicaa allowed for more imagination due to its dystopic setting. It makes use of hovercrafts and spaceships with laser guns to boot but it doesn’t feel out of place. Both films have women working in the war itself and operating the machinery with no issue. Ashitaka even struggles to keep up with the women who run the iron mill. Lady Eboshi, leader of Irontown, is a brilliant villain as she is just as complex as the protagonists. She genuinely believes that what she is doing is for the good of the village and wants to provide a decent life, particularly for the women. Her greed for power is subsequently what thwarts this as she aims to dominate the forest and mine as much as possible. It is this character conflict that allows us to view Lady Eboshi as more than a simple evil figure like the Evil Stepmothers in Snow White or Cinderella. Her motive is to gain power for herself but she also has motives for her people as well. This is what makes Ghibli women much more complex but at the same time, realistic and gives the audience an extra layer into character growth.
There are also characters who approach bravery in a more peaceful manner such as Sheeta (Castle in the Sky) and Chihiro (Spirited Away), both films directed by Miyazaki. Both characters are young girls who are thrown into adult situations. Sheeta is on the run from government officials as they try to steal her precious necklace that is the key to finding legendary floating castle, Laputa whereas Chihiro finds herself working in a bathhouse for spirits when her parents are turned into pigs after feasting on the food for the spirits. Castle in the Sky looks at how government officials would use the castle for military purposes to rule the world. Similarly, No Face in Spirited Away manipulates through his riches and shows the corrupt nature of the structure in the bathhouse. Money is seen as an evil entity in bothas Pazu’s job working in the mine is under threat from no products found to sell, whereas the gold No Face throws around is seen as vulgar and pathetic as the adult characters scramble for nuggets. The gold pieces hold no significance to Chihiro and that means No Face has no power over her. She cannot be ruled by him because he cannot buy her. Sheeta was raised on a farm by her grandmother and Chihiro raised in modern day Japanese suburbs. Neither one has encountered a violent situation nor would know how to fight or defend themselves but their determination to do what is right and fight the powers that oppress them allow them the growth to use their wits. We see Sheeta, a princess, take on the chores on the pirate ship ran by Dola and her crew. She cooks and cleans and is unphased by the attention Dola’s sons are giving her (it’s a bit weird that adult men are fawning over a child but that’s for another time). She has a natural kinship with the robots that inhabit Laputa and with nature in general. Her ancestry gives her that connection and it gives her the strength to protect the castle without the use of violence. Chihiro, on the other hand, must travel across the spirit world to find a way to get home. The villains in Spirited Away aren’t violent themselves (with the exception of No Face) and so Chihiro isn’t under a physical threat. The beginning of the film shows Chihiro dissastified with her parents’ decision to move away. She finds the idea of change difficult and this is shown as she sulks in the back of the car shortly before her parents are turned into pigs. Spirited Away is a film that is all about change. It’s about Chihiro’s ability to live a different life and gain perspective. Her identity is literally taken from her as bathhouse boss, Yubaba, employs her and steals her name, renaming her Sen. It’s a horrifying moment as she is a child with no identity but the film shows her growth into a more mature person and how she is all the better for the experiences in the spirit world.
“Self-sufficient”
Ghibli’s exploration into identity and independence is achieved best from the perspective of the teenage girl trying to discover herself in a society that has certain expectations for her. One of the most iconic Ghibli characters, Kiki (Kiki’s Delivery Service 1988) is a clumsy witch who struggles to fit into mainstream society. She finds her place when she uses her magic for a delivery service, delivering goods from the local bakery to the townspeople in order to save the business from closure. Hayao Miyazaki’s Kiki’s Delivery Service is one of Ghibli’s lighter offerings, much like My Neighbor Totoro and doesn’t have the dark complex issues that other films have. However, it is all about the teenage girl experience and how she has to find her identity in a society that has certain expectations for women. The village itself leads a more traditional lifestyle with men as active and the women take passive roles; however, Kiki becomes self-sufficient when she fights this hierarchy. Her male friend, Tombo, admires Kiki for her magic and at no point is threatened by her independence. Kiki’s Delivery Service features a flipped relationship in which the female is active and the male passive, again, without it feeling forced or a major talking point. When Kiki becomes depressed after feeling intimidated by Tombo’s friends, she becomes depressed and is unable to use her powers or understand Jiji, her cat. It is only when she sees Tombo in danger as he hangs from an aircraft that she finds her purpose and can fly again to save him. Some people may argue that it’s following the old stereotype that a woman only has love as a motivation but the significance of this scene comes from the fact that she rescues him. This never happens in regular Hollywood offerings never mind a family animation. Kiki becomes the hero of her own story and reward and validation that is more significant doesn’t come from Tombo, the male protagonist, but from Kiki herself as she finds her own identity. This is also the case in Yoshifumi Kondō’s only directorial effort, Whisper of the Heart (1995) before his untimely death in 1998. Following high-achieving, 14 year-old Shizuku, an avid writer who loves to translate Western songs into Japanese and her encounter with Seiji, an aspiring luthier (someone who makes and repairs stringed instruments). They work together to create a story about a mysterious cat statue called The Baron that Shizuku found in Seiji’s grandfather’s antique shop. Like Kiki’s Delivery Service, Whisper of the Heart is a film about identity and independence. As Shizuku delves deeper into her creative world when writing the story on The Baron, her grades drop and she becomes lazy and sluggish. Her need for independence arrives at this low point as she realises what she wants to do with her life and knows that she must work hard at school to achieve it. She doesn’t allow her life to continuously slump to appease Seiji but rather than threaten Seiji, he in fact expresses his admiration for Shizuku for taking control of her own life and declares his love for her. The self-sufficient female isn’t punished for her strength but rewarded. Like Kiki’s Delivery Service, Shizuku’s independence comes from herself. She does receive validation from the male protagonist but this feels secondary and insignificant compared to the love that she has for herself at the end of the film.
Just as there are films that show the success of female independence, Ghibli have also given us films that show the true battle for female self-sufficiency. Isao Takahata’s beautiful swansong, The Tale of the Princess Kaguya, is a retelling of the Japanese folklore about a young girl found in a bamboo stalk and her ascension to royalty and the struggle she has with this lifestyle. The aesthetic of the film is traditional Japanese ink and is visually a stunning film to watch with beautiful bright colours from the cherry blossoms and kimonos combined with the natural materials used to create this film. This is combined with darker undertones such as depression and the loss of identity as Princess Kaguya is forced to pick a husband despite not even wanting to marry. At first she is lured in by the clothes and the materialistic lifestyle with the giant palace but the palace soon grows into a prison and she struggles to adjust to this new life under the watchful eye of her governess who rebuts her desire for fun and laughter. The most poignant scene in this film comes near the end of the party where Kaguya is forced to sit behind a curtain and is forbidden to socialise with anyone, except for the potential suitors who talk from the other side of the curtain. Layered with multiple kimonos, she runs through the palace to get away and sheds each kimono off layer by layer, throwing them on the road as she runs in the full light of the moon. She is literally rejecting her role in society by casting the clothing away. The materials do not hold the same magic as they once did and much like Kiki and Shizuki, she realises that wants to be free. The end of the film sees Kaguya returning to her original home, the Moon, in a scene that is painful to watch as the memories of her life on Earth are forgotten and her parents look on heartbroken as they watch their daughter whisked away. Kaguya was unable to find her solace on Earth but her struggle is important to take away. The film exploits the impossible expectations thrusted onto women and how they aren’t treated as humans most of the time. Kaguya’s discomfort mainly came from the daily practice of makeup and being physically restricted when in the presence of a man. The Tale of the Princess Kaguya is one of the darkest films that Ghibli have released and I think it was also a real brave offering because it openly looked at depression in a realistic way. Kaguya wasn’t able to gain her independence on Earth but it is a brilliantly inspirational film for the young girls watching who wish to be self-sufficient.
“The child in all of us”
Ghibli films are often marketed as children films due to the animation style and constant comparisons with Disney; however, Studio Ghibli has a large adult following and its understandable to see why. Every film has underlying mature contexts that children won’t understand. Issues such as illness and death are prevalent in many of their films and even though they are suitable for children to watch, they are oftentimes heartbreaking for adults to view as well. The prime example for this would be young sisters Satsuki and May in Miyazaki’s My Neighbor Totoro. Following the girls and their father as they move to be closer to their ill mother, My Neighbor Totoro is often viewed as the most iconic Ghibli film (Totoro’s profile is the Studio’s logo). The girls encounter the spirits by live in the surrounding forest including the soot spirits that initially live in the house and eventually the giant Totoro, a lovable spirit who lives in a tree near the house. He reveals himself to Mei first then Satsuki, the latter being an iconic scene in which Satsuki lends him an umbrella in the torrential rain before he boards another iconic character in the form of the Catbus. This film is a favourite among children and adults alike because it displays the creative talent and imagination the Studio have. On the surface it is a lovable and cute film that is brings a smile to your face but there is an undercurrent through the film which is the the plot regarding the mother. She’s rarely onscreen but the adult audience is aware that she exists and she is severely ill in hospital. It seems that she may even die at some point but because the film is told through the perspective of the two girls, we don’t encounter mother unless they visit her at hospital. As the girls, particularly Mei, are very young, they don’t fully understand the situation and so they act as if everything is normal and enjoy their adventures with Totoro and company. It’s this child innocence that gives the film its light and allows it to avoid being full of darkness and sadness. Their innocence prevents the reality from creeping in and allows their imagination to soar.
Ghibli’s most adult film to date is one that sees child innocence stripped away during the course of World War II. Grave of the Fireflies (1988) is Isao Takahata’s war tale about siblings, Seita and his younger sister, Setsuko and is the Studio’s most heartbreaking film to date and probably one of the hardest films to watch overall due to its explicit portrayal of Japan during wartime. The film opens with Seita’s death as he meets the spirit of his sister in the afterlife before proceeding into a flashback which shows the story of their demise. When their home is bombed, Seita must take his sister to their aunt’s house in the countryside for shelter. Eventually they have to leave to the abuse they are subjected to and are by themselves. Seita himself is only a teenager and both siblings are forced to adapt to the environment around them. Setsuko takes solace in the fireflies that flutter around only to find them dead the next day. The scene when she buries it is when she questions and begins to understand the concept of life and death, asking Seita why their mother had to die. It’s this moment when Setsuko is stripped of her child innocence and is forced to adapt to a very adult situation. The film does not treat her kindly because she is a child. Setsuko is subjected to starvation which eventually leads to her graphic and heartbreaking death which sees Seita cremating her ashes with her favourite straw doll. The size of the wicker basket holding her is tiny and showcases the cruelty of war. Takahata has denied claims that the film acts as an anti-war piece but it is difficult to view it as anything else as it is the loss of that child innocence and the loss of life at such a young age which shows the true cost of war. It’s a profound film that is extremely difficult to watch but it is important and shows how fearless the studio was even in its early days.
Studio Ghibli is a company that refuses to conform to the expectations held by mainstream releases. Instead, it remains a pioneer for film in general and continues to release films that explore complex female characters who are brave and self-sufficient. The hearts of their films come from the girls and women who choose to fight for what they believe in and the journey they have to discover what they are capable of. The characters don’t always achieve their end goals but the growth that they go through shows their resilience and strength. One word that cannot be used to describe the female characters in Ghibli is weak because each character has their complexities and flaws but they also have their morals and heart. Without the female characters, the standard of Studio Ghibli films would not be what they are today and in fact, Ghibli probably wouldn’t even exist. The first major character to be introduced (although not under the Ghibli name technically) was Nausicaä, suggesting that having “brave” and “self-sufficient” female heroes has always been at the heart of the Studio Ghibli ethos. After all, “any woman is just as capable of being a hero as any man”.
Women in film has become a huge talking point for film development in recent years, partially due to the #metoo movement that outed the abusive patriarchy in film seeing women given less power both in representation and finance. A lot of discussion on the internet (from men mostly) questioning whether there truly is a problem in the first place, do the women deserve the harassment they face and most importantly, do we really need these gender swap remakes? The answers to these questions are simply: yes there is a problem, no a woman never deserves harassment and of course we need as much female representation as possible.
It’s not secret that the days of Golden Hollywood, although seemingly flawless and iconic, foresaw the way women in film were treated by their bosses (producers and directors). From the infamous “casting couch” to the manipulative studio contracts, Hollywood presented itself as a mecca of dreams but proved to be a breaking point of mental illness, drug and alcohol misuse and domestic abuse. This period sees the breakdown of many stars including Judy Garland, Marilyn Monroe and Bette Davis just to name a few. It seemed that solace could only be found at the bottom of a whiskey glass.
So what does this issue have to do with Hollywood today?
Well, to begin with, despite the elimination of studio contracts in the 50s due to the collapse of the Hollywood studio structure, it appears that female filmmaking is still viewed as a niche rather than as an equal offering. The fact that we even discuss a film as “female” or celebrate female creators and strong female characters shouldn’t be something we celebrate in the 21st century. Especially considering that we’re at a century of accessible filmmaking that has distributed across the globe. AFter everything that has happened globally regarding women’s issues such as voting rights, reproductive rights, fighting the wage gap, it’s unsurprising that the fight for the female experience through a woman’s perspective has been equally difficult. After all, film is a brilliant and affordable medium to translate issues to a global audience using visuals to gain awareness for issues. Take last year’s Oscar-winning short documentary Period. End of Sentence. that looks at female poverty in India where women are forced to quit school due to periods as they are unablt to afford sanitary products. In terms of fictional feature films, we have seen a resurgence of female driven comedies with Bridesmaids accredited with starting this trend. Other offerings in recent years have reverted back to teenage years with 2019’s Booksmart and 2017’s Lady Bird among the big fish. it’s great to see original stories created by women being given mainstream releases and have subsequently done well in the awards circuit. As well as comedies, we have also seen female-centred dramas such as Todd Haynes’ beautiful and iconic LGBT love story Carol (you can read my review here) starring Cate Blanchett and Rooney Mara, which I would argue is the best love film of the century so far. Now these Indie films do incredibly well, but why hasn’t this translated as well into mainstream films? I’ll try to break this down.
It’s known that the majority of people who will go and see an original story created and performed by women is going to be seen by women. That’s all well and good but considering that men are the majority of the cinematic audience statistically, it’s important to get men to see films created and performed by women too. This is for a number of reasons and since the film industry is a business, the most important issue is money. If more men see the films then more money is given to the filmmakers and then more films created by women can be made which would eventually make the idea of the “female film” as old and traditional as the Golden Age of Hollywood. This brings me to the gender swap remakes. If you looked at the highest grossing films in recent years, chances are that they are filled with sequels, reboots, prequels and remakes. Using this information, it is a smart idea that in order to bring a female perspective to a high-grossing film, you must incorporate strong female roles into these films. However, this hasn’t been without a share of complaints from a small portion of the male audience. Take the Marvel and DC Universes for example. Admittedly, I am not a huge fan of the Marvel Universe but I have never heard such negativity from a male audience regarding it’s iconic female characters before. It seems that every other film is released with no issue, Marvel films particularly tend to sell out every initial screening and exceed in both critic and audience circles so when they decided to do a film dedicated to Captain Marvel, this should have been a celebration for a strong female character to join the achievements of its predecessors; however, this sadly wasn’t the case. A portion of the male audience was outraged by Brie Larson’s interpretation of the role as well as her feminist statements. It’s all well and good when the male superheros want to prove their stereotyped masculinity (which is an old school trope that Marvel appear to be fighting as well by bringing vulnerability into the male characters) but when Captain Marvel doesn’t need a man to save the world and more importantly, doesn’t want a man with her to save the world, this is a major issue. It was a role that should have been celebrated but instead, while Endgame was adored for bringing its emotion to the male characters (Iron Man specifically), Captain Marvel is viewed in a negative light because she veers away from the traditional “eye-candy” trope that Golden Hollywood has been feeding the audience with for years. I hope that as these franchises expand and more female characters are incorporated into their respected universes, the male audience that openly despises the likes of Captain Marvel and Wonder Woman may be open to the idea of the strong, independent women without thinking of them as simple love interests or sidekicks rather than the leaders of their own stories. Despite this small male audience who tweet outrageously about the femalecentred films, DC is clearly proud of the overwhelming success of Wonder Woman as they are bringing Patty Jenkins back for the second film (I did actually enjoy Wonder Woman! The first segment featuring the Amazonians is astonishing direction and writing).
I am not writing this article to be negative or bash the male audience because the male audience is important to the plight of female filmmaking as well and it is only a small portion. I think that there has to be an understanding that it is much harder for a woman to get a film made than a man. Once that statement is understood and acknowledged then the discussion of female film becomes a welcome idea and celebrated. But in a world where the Indie films created by women are renowned for their originality, why do we need gender swapped films such as Ghostbusters? Do we actually need them?
As I said at the top of this article… yes, yes we do!
Why do we need them? By remaking films with gender swapped protagonists, it gives the audience a new perspective on a femiliar setting. It’s easy to be angered when a classic like Ghostbusters is given an update with the best female comedians much like the original with men. It’s a brilliant film by itself (it obviously isn’t as good as the original) but I don’t think the intention was to “outdo” the original. I think it was to show that women could be given an ordinary role without the woman part being of any importance. I think that if Ghostbusters was remade with a male cast, there would be the usual complaints of “we don’t need a remake” but the abuse hurled at the stars of the film showed that there is sexist view from this portion of male audience. It seems to not only be that women have “taken” the roles, but that women are put in powerful positions without being the love interest. There is also an argument that representation is important and when given the opportunity to make these remakes, it’s another opportunity to put women in the driving seat which is only a positive.
Some of the films I love such as Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind and Frances Ha feature brilliant female characters. Clementine Kruczynski (played fantastically by Kate Winslet) in the former and Greta Gerwig as the quirky titular character in the latter are women who have their flaws and struggles but at the end of the day, are independent and strong. Both films directed by men but show the important of strong female presence in film. Eternal Sunshine’s script won the Best Original Screenplay Academy Award suggesting that there is a demand for these female characters. Another film that is a force of nature is 2016’s Turkish offering, Mustang, about five young sisters who are forced into marriage after wrongly being accused of sexual activity with a group of boys in their class at school. Written and directed by Deniz Gamze Erguven in her directorial debut, Mustang is one of the best films I have ever seen. The film is shown through the eyes of the youngest sister, Lale, giving the audience an innocent glimpse into an oppressive world without explicitly saying so. Much like the message of the film, the writing and directing is subtle with a lot of stillness and peace in moments of chaos. Another brilliant female-led offering is 2018’s The Favourite which was hugely snubbed in the Oscars this year and has not one, not two but THREE stellar leads in the form of Olivia Colman as Queen Anne (who deservedly won an Oscar for her performance) and Rachel Weisz and Emma Stone as the women vying for the queen’s attention. It’s a complex triangle of lust, power and manipulation. This answers the question whether women can carry a film with a resounding YES!
At the end of it all, more needs to be done to finance and distribute mainstream films created by and starring women but this isn’t to say that none exist at all and the offerings we have had in recent years particularly show a huge improvement to the films of the Golden Era. Women have proven time and time again that they can create films that are both critical and commercial (when given the chance) successes.
What are your favourite films created by and/or starring women? Let me know in the comments below?
